Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet EssayIn Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, the character beggar Laurence had the greatest exercise on the tragic outcome of the flow. mendicant Lawrence was a trusted holy man whose judgment was held in the highest reverence by Romeo and Juliet. However, he failed to provide a wise solution to their dilemma. Romeo and Juliets demise was the product of the mendicants predisposition to act in haste, his irresponsibility and his fear of being disgraced.The Friars first shortcoming that contributed to the tragic result is the stylus he commits to impulsive and rash decisions. For example, when Romeo tells the Friar of his new love for Juliet, the Friar tells Romeo that he is acting in addition hastily and not thinking about the consequences, they stumble that run fast. (II. III. 94). However, despite his advice to Romeo of thinking before acting, he decides to marry them in hope that this will end the family feud, compensate though he knows that the secret uniting can only further infuriate the two families. This is evident when the Friar saysBoth Romeo and Juliet respected Friar Laurences decisions, and although he preaches the value of patience, his own impetuous conclusions is the first way he led Romeo and Juliet to catastrophe.Friar Laurences sulphur inadequacy that had a negative impact on the play is his irresponsibility. Although he should be the figure of dependability, the Friar is the one whose plan is the least dependable. preferably of thinking of a way to diplomatically arrive on a mutually satisfying agreement between the Capulet and Montague theatre of operationss, he devises an outrageous plan that has almost no chance of success. He gives Juliet a potion to make her appear dead, and although Juliet knows this plan carries a huge risk, she is so agitated by Romeos banishment that she is free to try anything. She even goes as far as questioning the Friars motivesInstead of avoiding senseless plans, th e Friar not only generates a plan which is doomed to fail, but does not even responsibly administer the plan. He sends Friar John to send the letter to Romeo that explains the plan. He had not make it clear to Friar John how important the delivery was, since the messenger became quarantined in a house due to suspicions of being infected with disease. Friar Laurence should have been responsible enough to deliver the letter himself, and this is the plunk for way in which he negatively affects the outcome of the play.The final way in which Friar Laurence unconstructively influenced the play is his fear of sin and getting in trouble. In the tomb, Juliet woke up and found Romeos dead body beside her. Friar Laurence had been late to wake up Juliet and when he realized what happened, he directed Juliet to escape with himStay not to question, for the watch is coming.Come, go, good Juliet. I dare no longer stay.(V, III, l. 158-159)He then cowardly ran out of the tomb because of his fear of being caught by the Prince and his men. He left the shocked Juliet alone and he knew she was willing to kill herself over Romeos death. Later on, when Juliet killed herself and the Capulets and Montagues wanted an explanation, he admitted that he was at faultMiscarried by my fault, let my old life be sacrificed.Unto the rigor of severest law.(V. III. 267-269)This fear of being caught is the third way that Friar Laurence has negatively affected the play.In conclusion, Friar Laurence was important because he holds the greatest blame for the tragic events in the play. He did this because of his hasty decision-making, his irresponsibility and his uncertainty for his safety. The outcome of the play might have been happier if someone else directed Romeo and Juliets actions. He does have the best intentions for Romeo and Juliet, and it is ironic how his best intentions cause the greatest tribulations for the two lovers. If the Friar had acted the way he had preached to Romeo, he would be a hero. As he had described the misapplied virtue of the herbs in the garden, the same applies to him sexual abstention itself turns vice, being misapplied.

South Carolina electricity and gas company Essay Example for Free

southern Carolina electricity and gas company EssayThis company deals in the supply of natural gas to homes, businesses and early(a) users in community. Natural gas is one of the most versatile, environmentally friendly and dependable sources of energy available. nil testament warm a home like natural gas, so let SCEG help you stimulate the most of it (www. sceg. com) At break-even Sales = total cost Assume the rent is 20,000, fixed cost 25000, pay 12 per unit, variable cost 10 per unit If the revenue price per unit is US$ 220 the break-even will as follows-220X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 198y Y = 228 units The unit of measurement is gas cylinders In case, they want to rig the interchange price upward to 240. the breakeven will be as follows 240X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 218y Y = 207 units In case, they want to adjust the selling price downward to 200. The breakeven will be as follows 178X y = 12y+10y +20000+25000 45000 = 178y Y = 253 units.

Laser Alignment Theory Essay Example for Free

Laser Alignment surmise EssayModern opthalmic metrology uses punctilious passs and planes in space from which measurements are make. Because this order creates these features use fresh it has become known as visual tooling. The 35 year old historical development and up-to-the-minute engine room of optical maser instrumentation as used in optical tooling is discussed in detail. This includes the how the measurements are made, applications, and the technology of alignment optical masers and fructify sensing targets developed for sensing position in spite of appearance a laser tool or plane.The various geometries used to make alignment measurements are discussed in detail. Applications are discussed and the challenges each poses are discussed. The challenge of long range alignment and the effect of the turbulent atmosphere on the measurement coer is discussed along with methods of hitling the associated geological faults them. WHAT IS OPTICAL TOOLING? Optical to oling is a means establishing and utilizing a line of sight (LOS) to reach precise germ lines and audience planes from which accurate measurements are made with position sensitive targets. 1 Formerly the measurements were through and through by a person interpreting a scale or optical micrometer by looking through an alignment telescope today the lines and planes are created by a laser the measurements are digital and require no interpretation. Optical tooling uses the principle that light travels in straight lines to catch precise measurements that sacknot be reached by manual or mechanical methods. Level lines can be established over great distances so accurately that every point is exactly perpendicular to the force of gravity.Plumb lines can be set to a given take aim. Right angles can be produced quickly and precisely with supplementary comp angiotensin converting enzyments. In the assembly, maintenance and calibration of industrial equipment or in the alignment of clea rcutness systems, one or as m either as four basic questions always must be answered is it straight, is it flat, is it plumb or is it square? A number of techniques have been developed to make these measurements however, many of them result in inaccuracies so great that proper operation of the equipment involved will be compromised or seriously endangered.The science of optical metrology and alignment makes it possible to achieve the high upest layer of accuracy in answering these four important questions. It is no longer necessary to interpret readings or to make constant adjustments and calculations. In laser alignment applications, direct, precision measurements are made rapidly and consistently. Straightness In aligning several points, a tight telegraph is often used as a origin line. This technique has numerous drawbacks and introduces inaccuracy. First of all, wire has weight, which causes it to stagger over long distances this sag can become considerable.In addition, wir e vibrates, can bend or kink, and when stretched in the area to be measured, equipment cannot be moved around for fear of disturbing the wire credit rating line. Even a gentle breeze can cause the wire to move sideways a considerable amount the aerodynamic drag on a thin wire is huge. In laser alignment, the LOS of is established by a laser air instead of a tight wire. The invisible LOS reference has no weight, cannot sag, kink, or be disturbed, nor is it a safety hazard. It constitutes a precise, unvarying reference, determining straightness to within thousandths of an inch. inanition In order to determine flatness a shop level and a straightedge was occupied in the past. However, over prodigious horizontal areas, the shop level must be moved from power to part. Consequently, one can solely tell the degree of flatness of each individual surface upon which the level is place. Whether all objects in a large area are flat is still in doubt. Flatness over a considerable area must be assured in the erection of large railcarry, surface tables and large machine tools. Conventional spew out levels simply do not offer the degree of precision required. Laser levels, a termed that has fallen into generic use, offer a way to produce a level datum over a wide area. Laser technology has overcome the many disadvantages of bubble levels and assures levelness to within a few thousandths of an inch over hundreds of feet. This high degree of levelness is accomplished by horizontally sweeping the laser beam manually or via a motor driven rotary stage. This revolving line of laser light becomes a horizontal plane of sight, giving a precise horizontal reference datum, some beats called a waterline. SquarenessPerfect squareness implies that one plane mildews a 90 angle with another run across plane. When a steel square is used to test for this condition, the results can be very misleading. Such measurements aver upon the trueness of the steel square, which can vary from s quare to square with time. In addition, steel squares have a definite limit in their physical dimensions and consequently the testing of very large surface becomes inaccurate, heavy and cumbersome. Laser alignment overcomes all these disadvantages and offers a quick and precise method for determining squareness.One method is to use a transparent penta prism in conjunction with a simple alignment laser. This optical element will split the beam from the laser into deuce parts one beam passes through the prism undeviated, the other beam is reflected at a perfect 90 degree angle. This will be described in more detail later. Other systems use deuce-ace independently mounted lasers that are orthogonal to each other. Plumb Classically, a plumb bob is used to establish a exclusive vertical reference line. Of course, as vertical distances increase, the plumb bob becomes cumbersome and inaccurate. It takes a long time for the plumb bob to settle.Also, it can easily be swayed by vibration, air currents, and other disturbances which are backfire to be encountered. In the laser alignment method there are several ways to produce a plumb reference it can be a plane or a line. To form a plumb line, an alignment laser with autocollimating capability is used with a pool of almost any liquid. Autocollimation senses the angle of an external mirror by reflecting its beam back into the laser head. A position demodulator, beamsplitter and lens of the eye measure the angle of the reflected beam. When the laser is adjusted such that the internal sensor reads 0 in twain axes, then the laser is producing a plumb line.For example, if a heavy machine tool is being surveyed, the 2 reference points which determine the LOS should be located off of the machine. If for any reason the machine were to move or deflect all measurements would be in error. The two reference points should be located close overflowing to be convenient to use and/or out of the way of other people working in th e area. Transits and alignment telescopes first made these types of measurements. But the problem with transits and telescopes is that they require a person to interpret a scale placed on the object of interest and usually a second person is retention the scale against the object.It is a two person job that takes time and much training to accomplish successfully. It is as well subject to errors. This type of alignment measurement, commonly called straightness, is the most basic of all alignment applications. The figure under shows an alignment laser source on the left whose collimated beam is striking a position sensor target on the right. The target can freely slide and make measurements of straightness of the structure to which it is attached. pic other common requirement is to establish another LOS perpendicular or parallel to the original LOS.To establish a perpendicular a special prism is used a penta prism. A penta prism has the property that rotation around its axis does not deviate the reflected beam at all it does not have to be critically mounted. Penta prisms are often called optical squares, an appropriate term. To establish a parallel LOS to an existing LOS typically involves tooling bars if the distance is relatively short, say a meter or less. These bars are made of steel and hold electronic targets at a precise distance from a center. Using two of them with the original LOS establishes a parallel LOS.If the distance in the midst of the two LOS is large, then it can be through using the penta prism twice the first time to turn the beam 90 degrees, followed by a certain distance, and concluded by turning the beam back 90 degrees. Care must be taken that two LOS are truly parallel usually using a level reference datum makes the task much easier. The next alignment application involves measuring the alignment error in the midst of two different LOS datums the typical application is to determine the lateral offset and angular error between tw o shafts.The shafts essentially define the two LOSs. The measurement consists of setting up the source on one shaft and parallel to it. The targets are placed on the second shaft and surveyed. Then the shafts are go around 180 degrees and surveyed again the difference is twice the shaft offset. If the target is placed at two axial locations and measured for offset, the difference in the offsets divided by twice the axial separation is the angular error in radians. The figure below shows a typical method to measure shaft alignment errors using a laser and target. picA more sophisticated alignment application is to sweep a laser beam quickly to generate a plane of light. The advantage of this is that many targets can be reorient using one laser source. In simple straightness applications the target location is restricted to the industrious area of the position sensor. In move plane alignment, the targets are using sensitive in only one dimension. A typical application to establis h a level plane is to put three or more targets at the same (desired) waterline location and adjust the structure the targets are on until all targets read the same.The targets for swept plane alignment can be static, meaning they require the laser beam to be directed in to them constantly. Usually the laser beam is swept by hand by rotating a knob on the laser source. If the laser plane is moving at high speed, say once a second or faster, then the targets must capture and hold the position of the laser beam as the beam sweeps by. The problem becomes harder to accomplish at longer distance because the beam is on the detector for such a short periods of time. The figure below shows a horizontally swept level laser beam scanning by several targets placed on a machine bed.

Religious Commitment Essay Example for Free

Religious Commitment EssayReligious governments often throw a very undemocratic approach of management, with strict and stringent laws and little freedom. Women are thus usually hard-pressed, dictated, given fewer liberties, and less educated. It is no surprise therefore that these societies are generally male-dominated with little find out from women. Education is primarily based upon the laws and scriptures of state religion with little room for anything else. From primary to secondary studies, accent mark is placed upon teaching and preaching everything about the religion and its practices. Anything which differs from religion is discarded.This consequently results in low literacy mark in terms of modern ways, studies, technologies and knowledge. Civil laws are also based upon the scriptures of the religion, with severe and strict rules and regulations. in that location is little democracy, freedom, and usually harsh punishments given out for violating laws. Religious l aws are of chief importance and consequentially high government posts are inhabited by ghostly clerics and leaders. There are a bighearted percentage of these types of governments in Middle East, Asia and East, where as the West and European countries are exceedingly democratic.In fresh times, extremists Muslims have been severely criticized for trying to impose their religion and violating basic rights of freedom. It is also one of the reasons cited by the American government for attacking Afghanistan and Iraq, which were primarily religious governments with little freedom and democracy. On the whole, religious governments place accent on religion, its laws and practices. Compliance is usually mandatory, with all matters women, education and civil laws etc. molded according to religious beliefs.ReferenceAudi, Robert. Religious Commitment and Secular Reason. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Monsoon Wedding Essay Example for Free

Monsoon Wedding EssayMira Nairs scene entitled Monsoon Wedding is a story of family customs that exists in Indian culture. The directpr illustrated how Indians perceived the importance of wedding in their society. Along with the pic of the concept of wedding is the portrayal of different conflicts from various characters in the story. There is an instance when the wedding planner fell in love with maid of the family he works for. There are also concepts of adultery that emerged during the development of the story. It became one of the significant conflicts of the movie that is hard to deconstruct or resolve due to its complications and results. Because in that location are several characters in the movie, there are some personas in the movie that were taken for granted. It shows that the generator did not gave each character the capability to develop throughout the movie. The author used the children in movie to justify the concept of a family but she ignored their sense fo r the reason that she focused her attention moreover on the issues of the older characters.It means that there is no balance formation of characters but only a decoration for justifiable thoughts. In conclusion to this, the movie can be said as a simple and dramatic depiction of culture of Indian nation. It is an illustration of moral values, religious beliefs, and cultural tradition that Indians used to contemplate. It is somehow a story of uniqueness but there are flaws that cannot be denied by the audience. However, the whole scenario of the story justified the concept of family ties and awareness of cultural tradition that is innate to Indian society. wingMira Nair. Monsoon Wedding.

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar searchCause and Effect Prompt based on William Shakespe ars tragedy Julius Caesar Search the cause and nucleus of the assassination of Julius Caesar in William Shakespeares tragedy Julius Caesar by examining Julius Caesar being a Tragic title-holder with a Tragic flaw(s), and how this led to his downfall. Your paper must provide description of his tragic hero traits. Cite your literary productions textbook with at least two examples using quotations from the play that demonstrate this cause and effect.Then examine and contrast this dilemma with another world figure (either from the past or the present) that has been untimely assassinated. Find parallels surrounded by your selected figure and Julius Caesar. Analyze their likenesses and differences of the impact of these two deaths on their respective societies. Include another quotation as text evidence for your discussion.* find that your examples from the text must be within quotation marks. * Remember that you are demonstrating the tragic flaw that Julius Caesar had through the use of the quotations you find and how this cause his downfall, then you are comparing and contrasting this same situation with another world figure leader who also was lost due to an assassination. * Remember to write a pull in thesis for your paper which will give direction for your remarks.Tragic Hero TraitsTherefore* Born into nobility* He/she falls from great heights * Responsible for his/her own fate* Realizes they present made an irreversible mistake * Endowed with a tragic flaw* Faces and accepts death with honor and lowliness * Doomed to make a serious error in judgment * May meet a tragic deathThemes of Julius Caesar Fate versus Free will Public versus Private Self Misinterpretations and misleadings Inflexibility versus via media Political rhetoric versus Power Essay Requirements1. At least 5/6 well-constructed paragraphs 2. A clear thesis within your introduction 3. Two quotations these must exp ress his tragic flaw in a cause and effect manner (if this- then that). 4. You must compare and contrast the situation and downfall of Caesar to a current or past public figure that has been lost through an assassination. One quotation is required. 5. This is a timed writing piece. Please apply your knowledge of time management through use of prewriting, drawing off and revising skills. You mustproof read your own paper before submission. 6. MLA requirements Neatly written schedule with proper documentation of your quotations followed by a Works Cited entry of all documented sources at the blockade of your paper. Do not write on the back of your paper.

Importance of Language on Literacy Development of Deaf Child

Importance of Langu get on with on Literacy maturement of desensitiseen ChildA relationship betwixt diction and textbook needs to be open up to become literate. What item challenges may desensitize pip-squeakren face in forming this relationship? How may such(prenominal) skills be developed in deaf(p)en(p) children?As there is an increasing number of deaf children being set and amplified at an earlier age and with the quality of this amplification improving, the expectation that these children develop at a homogeneous rate academically to their tryout peers has become much hard-core. Sadly, this is non eer the case. In this es lay out, I result be focusing on the challenges deaf children face when obtaining literacy skills and how the relationship between speech communication and text fag be developed.organism literate is much much than the ability to decode print into words. Connie Mayer (2007) stated that physical composition systems micturate evolved to encode spoken language, and even the one major system that has appe ard to be an exception, Chinese, turns out to be a more complex case, found generally on spoken language morphology and phonology. This office that to become literate, an individual well-nigh first construct access to the language that is being decoded, which for some(prenominal) deaf children is one of the first obstacles they will face in the schooling of their literacy skills. There is a vast substance of research available that discusses how childrens abilities to learn rendition and piece is influenced by their wee experiences in life.Goberis et al. (2012) investigated the complex language of hearing, hard of hearing and deaf children using a pragmatics check list. They discovered that a hearing child acquires the ability to use complex language, including basic syntax and age clutch vocabulary in amicablely appropriate situations between the age of 3 and 4 years old. Sadly deaf and hard of he aring children acquired these skills much later in life, even when strategies had been localise in place and these wherefore cause challenges in writing and abstract conversational dialogue.Swanwick and Watson (2007) looked at how book manduction substructure positively impact a deaf childs literacy and language development and take far-famed that both spoken and signed parents created a shared fundamental interaction that releaseed for sharing marrow and attention between parent and child in a physical telescope that allowed for closeness. When parents are using BSL to share stories, the child is often placed opposite the bounteous to ensure they cigarette see the signs, where hearing and oral stage tellers usually sit adjacent to one an otherwise, which allows for a wear auditory modality position. Swanwick and Watson observed that parents using oral English tended to stick to the write story and explored the vocabulary and sounds with turn taking and interacting, where the parents using BSL did not always follow the text and retold the story using their proclaim signs without using voice or lip patterns. Their focus was to share the actual story rather than sharing the written text and the parents were ensuring children understood the story cognitively by filling the children to repeat the signs used. Parents who used oral English emphasised the actual written text and thus focussed on the active listening skills of the child, which means the focus was on the literacy and language skills, instead of the story. This airfield shows that the parents of these children had a view and approach towards their childs literacy development but were not always focussing on all aspects when sharing a text. However, it is important to note that the parents involved in this study were all very involved in their childs early literacy development and results tycoon catch been different if the participants came from a background where oral retelling t ook priority over sharing written text or households where parents do not realize the potential value of childrens picture books. As a instructor of the deaf, it is crucial to support and encourage parents to discuss a range of linguistic skills including pragmatics, syntax, graphophonical knowledge and semantics but most importantly to encourage a love of culture by repeating favourite books, which Sulzby (1993) stated builds a rich vocabulary and by singing nursery rhymes and clapping indorses with repeated patterns to just develop early language skills or to attend realizeing and story activity groups at a local program library or play group.There is plenty of research that shows that shared cultivation or interactive story book instruction has a huge impact on childrens early literacy development and show the benefits of these social interactions around stories and text, allowing the child to check that text and language are connected. (Yaden, Smolkin, Conlon, 1989) F requent and effective shared reading during the first 6 years of a childs life aids the development of vocabulary, labelling, and oral and written abilties. Crain-Thorensen, Dahlin and Powell (2001) to a fault proved that parents and caregivers use more complex language when book sharing and thus children get the fortune to be exposed to new vocabulary which they might not encounter in their day to day life.Justice et al. (2005) conducted a study regarding parents sharing books with hearing and deaf children and concluded that storybooks can provide a wealth of new vocabulary for children. She noted that deaf children responded less to implicit questions than hearing children and showed that parental hold was a key element in word recall for deaf children, where joint attention was more important for hearing children. This shows that the parents of deaf children had to ensure they were building on their childrens prior knowledge to ensure they understood the language and vocabular y in the story told. She concluded that shared reading, retelling and discussing stories are paramount for early reading development. When sharing a book, the prospect should be used to take turns discussing vocabulary, events and characters in the book and ensuring that both explicit and implicit questions are asked, suitable to the childs current abilities.The First Steps Viewing Map of Development shows that literacy encyclopedism is a linear process that develops a childs use of texts, understanding of the context, understanding of conventions and development of the use of a range of strategies to extract meaning from print. Williams (2004) mentions that deaf children progress at a similar level as hearing children in their development of early reading and writing, yet several cases studies, such as Traxler (2000) and Marschark, Lang Alertini (2002) showed that a high percentage of deaf children graduated with a considerably lower literacy ability than their hearing peer, sug gesting that their cultivation trajectories later changed drastically. One moldiness consider, though, that recent advances in audiological equipment and management might show different results in more recent longitudal studies. interpret requires a combination of several complex skills. Adams (2001) stated that to learn to read one must be have a context processor to be able to comprise the text, a semantic processor to understand the meaning of words, an orthographic processor to be able to recognise and identify the letters and spellings and a phonologic processor to identify the speech sounds, which requires qualified audiological amplification or access to other abilities such as cued speech.When it comes to emergent reading, one of the first skills a child must master is recognizing the letters of the alphabets and knowing that these letters are linked to 44 sounds in the English language, which then in turn can be put together to form words. Hearing children and those wi th early adequate amplification will begin to recognize certain letters and sounds in their consume names and some keywords they might have been taught through rhymes or songs.To aid this early process, the child should be encouraged to say the phonemes in the word and then repeat them to see if they can hear which word it makes. It sometimes supports if the adult repeats the sounds so the child can focus on hearing the word. Another system is finding well-known(prenominal) letter patterns in words to aid with blending, such as cat, pat, mat, sat. This could also be turned into a little game where the initial sound is changed to see how many real and nonsense words can be made. Kyle and Harris (2011) noted that hard of hearing and deaf children cannot hear all these sounds, despite using audiological equipment and thus other strategies are needed to support them. Visual phonics is one of the strategies that can be used to help deaf and hard of hearing children to learn phonics b y combining handcues and written symbols to aid phonetic sensation and decoding skills. Shared reading has also been shown to aid the development of phonological awareness in both hearing and deaf children, especially where parents take the time to point out sounds children are familiar with and acquire them to recall and blend familiar sound patterns. once the initial recognition of print and understanding of the alphabet and their related sounds has been formed, the child should, through frequent exposure to written words in signs, shared books, labels, etc,. be able to recall an increasing number of high frequency words and words that can be blended phonologically. The focus of reading activities then shift towards understanding that text carries meaning, rather than simply reading word for word. Reading books for the children at this skill level generally have smaller print and more complex sentence structures and fewer illustrations.Kyle and Harris (2010) conducted a longitud al study to investigate reading and spelling abilities of emergent deaf children. They found out that at first, deaf children applied a whole word strategy to reading, however after 2 years of learning they were using a more alphabetic reading strategy based on phonological representations derived from speech reading skills. However, hearing children applied this alphabetic ability based on speechreading from the first year of reading, hence different reading strategies were applied by hearing and deaf children. This made them conclude that If the schooling derived through speechreading is incorporated into underlying phonological representations, which in turn are used to support the phonological judgments required to complete phonological awareness tasks, then it is plausible that speechreading could be a strong initial predictor of reading in both deaf and hearing. In addition, for the deaf children, speechreading could essentially act as a marker or proxy for the quality of the underlying phonological representations (Kyle and Harris, 2010, p.14) Unfortunately, the deaf and hearing children in this study were picked by their class instructors and thus their reading abilities were not always as closely matched as initially intended.In a study by Bouton et al. (2011) it was discovered that children with cochlear implants greatly benefited from learning cued speech. Cued speech shows a hearing child hand movements near the mouth to brighten lip and mouth movements so they can have a visual aid to better stretch lip reading. Bourton et al. found that cued speech improved the CI childrens performance in reading tasks and phonetical awareness, compared to CI children who had not been exposed to cued speech. Additional research into the link between cued speech and phonetical awareness, spelling and reading abilities is required, however it does show that offering a CI child additional support through cued speech can have a positive impact on their language an d literacy development.Once children have mastered the word beleaguer skills they are then faced by longer and more complex texts which require a greater understanding of the world and fewer illustrations as prompts. At this stage, young readers will need to comprehend a huge variety of phrases and clauses to understand the meaning of the text and recognising that text can come in a variety of different genres and serve different purposes.To support deaf childrens understanding, it is important that as a teacher of the deaf, a variety of strategies are offered to ensure the child fully understand the texts they are make believeing with. These strategies entangle giving the child the opportunity to retell the story in his/her own words, sequencing key elements of the text, discussing characters and settings and ensuring the child understand the vocabulary by clarifying and offering synonyms or visual representations. The child should be given the opportunity to ask and answer ques tions and to predict what might happen next. Another strategy is linking the key elements of the story with their own personal experiences or other stories familiar to the child, to allow the child to expand and comment on what has been read.Once the child becomes a fluent reader, the focus shifts from being able to read to understanding the text and utilising it for further personal development. With this also comes the realisation that reading have a multitude of functions, such as reading for pleasure, deriving information, receiving instructions and interacting with a multitude of devices and multimedia platforms. Sadly, the transition from emergent to fluent reader does not always happen as smoothly as desired for deaf children. Geers and Hayes (2011) conducted a study with early engraft deaf adolescents to see if they managed to keep their academic trajectory in literacy skills at a consistent level with their hearing peers and to investigate to what degree the childs phonolo gical skills and family characteristics influenced their literacy development. Geers and Hayes discovered that early implanted children who were classed as age related in their phonological awareness in preschool, managed to make age appropriate progress compared to their hearing peers as adolescents with good audiological management and family support, however they did not perform as well on spelling and expository writing and they discovered that the development of phonological awareness is crucial to literacy success. payable to an increasing number of children being implanted prior to 12 months of age thanks to the Infant test Programme, it would be interesting to repeat this study with a cohort that was implanted sooner in life.Being literate does not simply comprise of being able to read print. Reading and writing have often been said to go hand in hand and develop linearly. Mayer (2010) noted that there has been considerably little research in the implications of deafness o n writing development and most of the research that has been promulgated focusses primarily on spelling rather than writing composition. It is exempt that children learn that writing carries meaning and that it is a useful tool for communication. There is debate about the multitude of strategies available for teaching reading and writing, for caseful phonological approaches or visual orthographic strategies. Simply learning how to spell words is not fitting to become literate. The English language has a complex system of syntax and grammar. Cormier et al (2012) investigated the impact of age of learning of a signed language on grammatical abilities in deaf children. He noted that successfully acquiring a language, signed or oral, is crucial to growth grammatical awareness of that language and successfully acquiring a second language, i.e. BSL or English depending on L1. Grosjean (2001) also commented that bilingual breeding is a deaf childs best chance of acquiring good litera cy skills in both signed and written/spoken languages, however it is important to note that it is the parents right to choose the preferred communication method for their child. milling machine (2005) also found that elementary children were able to find meaning in sentences by using the meaning of the actual words in these sentences but lacked the ability to process syntactic information. These studies show that a greater focus needs to be on the acquisition of grammatical awareness and syntax to ensure that deaf children get a greater understanding of the complex language structures in written texts. Further developing a childs spoken language will aid their abilities to produce more complex written sentences and therefor reduce the amount of baked sentences, e.g. using the same sentence starters over and over again such as I like or I can.To ensure an adequate support programme is put in place for the deaf child, it is paramount that the teacher of the deaf thoroughly assesses th e current reading and writing skills and language abilities, both receptive and expressive, of the child and has a good understanding of the support the child receives at home and in the class room. The childs specific characteristics, attitudes to learning, preferred learning styles and personal, social and emotional development and their strengths and weaknesses are all crucial in a whole child approach towards progress.The teacher of the deaf should work together with parents, schools and other agencies to ensure the best strategies are put in place for the child. Goberis et al. (2012) suggested that parents should target specific language skills at home using natural, day to day opportunities and the teachers should be given strategies to practise in the class room environment. It must be stressed that speech intelligibility does not give a clear picture of the childs actual language abilities and time should be spend finding out where the strengths and weaknesses lay, especiall y when it comes to pragmatic language skills, grammar and vocabulary. Some of the strategies to put in place to further develop language could be interest instructions and then allowing the child the opportunity to give instructions too to further develop the childs hypothesis of mind. The child should be encouraged to provide instructions that are clear and have sufficient information for the other person to follow. This could be scaffolded by adding picutres at first so the child can have a visual representation prior to building the sentences. Playing playground games or very simplified board games are a great way to develop instructional language as a set of rules must be followed to be successful. The child could also be encouraged to explain the game to a peer with the help of an adult. Goberis et al. (2012) also states that it is important to encourage deaf children to answer why questions and ask them to consider options or discussing cause and effect of certain behaviour s. They must also develop the recognition that other children might have a different point of view and talkinga bout other childrens likes and dislikes will allow them to further develop their pragmatic skills and allows them to develop their theory of mind. Categorization is also an important step in language development. Playing sorting games or guessing games can help the child build these categories in their minds. 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