The narrative epic, ‘The Odyssey’ composed by Homer between 750 and 650 :: Classics

The narrative epic, The Odyssey composed by Homer between 750 and 650 BC recounts the nostos or homeward voyage of OdysseusIf I were you,I should take steps to make these men disperse.Listen, now, and attend to what I say at daybreak call the islanders to assembly,and direct your give, and call the gods to witnessthe suitors must go scattering to their homes.Then heres a course for you, if you agreeget a sound imposture afloat with twenty oarsand go abroad for news of your lost induceperhaps a travellers tale, or rumored fameissued from Zeus abroad in the world of men.Talk to that noble sage at Pylos, Nestor,then go to Menellos, the red-haired king 330at Sparta, last man home of all the Akhaians.If you should learn your find is aliveand coming home, you could hold out a year.Or if you learn that he is dead and gone,then you can come back to your own lamb countryand raise a mound for him, and burn his gear,with all the funeral honors due the man,and give your mother to another h usband.When you have do all this, or seen it done,it will be time to ponder concerning these contenders in your househow you should kill them, outright or by guile.You need not bear this insolence of theirs,you are a child no longer. Have you heardwhat glory young Orests wonwhen he cut down that two-faced man, Aigsthos,for killing his illustrious father?Dear friend, you are tall and well set-up, I seebe braveyou, tooand men in times to comewill let the cat out of the bag of you respectfully. Now I must join my shipmy crew will grumble if I keep them waiting.Look to yourself remember what I told you.Telemachus repliedFriend, you have done mekindness, like a father to his son,and I shall not forget your counsel ever.You must get back to sea, I know, but cometake a hot bath, and rest accept a giftto make you heart lift up when you embark 360some precious thing, and beautiful, from me,a keepsake, such as dear friends give their friends.Written Commentary The OdysseyThe narrative epic, The Odyssey composed by Homer between 750 and650 BC recounts the nostos or homeward voyage of Odysseus, a notableGreek warrior hero. This extract from the The Odyssey is taken fromthe Telemachy narrative section of the epic the Telemachy containsthe exposition of the great epic which opens on the island of Ithaca.These opening passages of the epic elucidates Odysseuss circumstancesas the Gods contemplate his fate though eccentrically the focal point

Attitudes toward Victorian Society in Great Expectations by Charles Dic

Great ExpectationsExplore some of the ways in which Dickens attitudes to overnice society are presented in the opening chapter of Great Expectations.For this quiz I will be focusing on the opening chapters of Great Expectations, a novel written by Charles Dickens. I am going to get the Victorian society at the time and dickens use of language to express themes, settings and characters.Charles Dickens wrote this myth in the Victorian times. Hence we seem to imagine what does he mean by Great Expectations. By us the readers, knowing and understanding what it means, we can get a rough idea of what the story is like. By Great Expectations we mean having high expectations for life, class and dreams for a better life. Dreams that a person really wants for it to come true. Hoping or expecting more than you have. This lays quite an effect on the reader, this is because the title Great Expectations doest say much. The title itself can give ideas to us the readers as to what the story wil l be like. For example they can suppose that the story is about someones great expectations in life, of a job, of a person and even of himself or herself. This story was set in the Victorian times, which was very in the mid 1800s and Charles Dickens wrote it in the 1860s. So life back then is very distinct as to how it is now. If we compare today to the Victorian era, we see people lived very different lives in many different ways. A few had access to educations, some didnt. Some were able to get a good high standard job and some didnt. At the time of Charles Dickens a lot of the people were poor, many suffered from poor health and had to cultivate all day late into the night. The few that were rich thought they were better ... ...rown with nettles, this tell us what the area is like and creates feelings in the reader. This also gives the impression that the halo is dull, depressing, empty and hopeless. This makes the reader feel that there is no hope for Pip. In con clusion I think Dickens has used language, setting and the theme of cobblers last etc in a very effective way. Dickens shows us the different ways of using language to introduce many themes and settings. He does this using different technique as he skilfully catches the readers attention in just through the first pages He involves the reader so pronto that they just keep on reading. This makes the readers feel it is important to know what happens next. However I myself and many many other readers will find that Dickens does keep his readers interested all the way through the story and it shows how good he is at it.

Nuclear Energy :: Essays Papers

Nuclear Energy It seems that the world as a whole is in search of an energy source that is cleaner, cheaper, and more(prenominal) efficient. This seems to be particularly true in the United States where the government seeks to separate themselves from their reliance on petroleum from countries including those in the Middle East. Their agenda, unfortunately, is less concerned with environmental issues than it is with issues of power, money, and dominance. Either way, nuclear energy has emerged as the forerunner for alternative energy sources. Today, there are 109 nuclear power plants in the United States which contribute close to 20% of the power used in the United States(Nuclear Energy, April 13, 2005). Nuclear fission is performed by alinement of hydrogen into helium. This is done using uranium, plutonium, or thorium and placing them in the reactor, which start a chain reaction that can produce vast amounts of energy. Uranium is the piece primarily u sed in reactors. The fission of a champion atom can produce 10 million times the amount of energy that an atom can produce that is burned from coal. Uranium is an abundant element which is easily found and extracted. It often has to undergo a relatively cheap refining process, however, as the isotopes are found mixed in nature. Nuclear fission is also relatively clean, as there is no excess CO2 produced, as there is in the burning of coal and petroleum. It does, however, energize is pollutants. The filtering rods used have to be changed every two years and the old rods disposed of. Because the rods are highly radioactive, their disposal must be dealt with meticulously. Currently most of the rods are shipped to Yucca sens (The Bane of Nuclear Energy, April 13, 2005). Despite the benefits of nuclear fission, the quest still continues for an even better energy source. The hopes of the new energy source are pinned on a process known as nuclear fusion. This is the process that takes place on the sun and other stars under intense heat and pressure. The hope is that nuclear fusion will become a reality here on earth as it will provide an unprecedented amount of energy very chintzily and with very little pollution.

Skunk Hour Essay -- essays research papers

Frustrations Armored AromaSkunk Hour by Robert Lowell and The Armadillo by Elizabeth Bishop are two nigh related numberss. Both share the theme of an animal carrying with it natural defenses, and the image of an isolated spectator. However, there is one important contrast between these poems The Armadillo portrays a creature who cannot comprehend the events destroying the life about it, whereas the speaker in Skunk Hour understands, possibly too well, the events affecting its life.By using the skunk as a descriptive element for his character, Robert Lowell increases the distance between the character and the brief glimpse of society portrayed in the poem. Skunks, generally, are avoided by everyone because of their reputation for spraying unwanted visitors with a noxious vapor. Here, the reason for Robert Lowells choice in animals becomes obvious. Utilizing such an isolated animal to parallel the thoughts of the speaker, Lowell considerably strengthens the distance between the sp eaker of the poem and the "love-cars" (Lowell 11) being watched. Even if the occupants of those cars knew they were being observed, chances are they would not associate themselves with the speaker.In addition, Robert Lowell portrays his character as something akin to a stalker, illustrated in the following excerpt.&9&9&9One dark night,&9&9&9my Tudor Ford climbed the hills skull&9&9&9I watched for love-cars....

The Message of Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

The Message of Ishmael     Quinn gains a unique perspective on humanity through the main event of the novel, Ishmael. Ishmael is a gorilla. And Ishmael is a teacher who communicates with humans telepathically. On the surface, this hardly seems to be a character who would appear in a serious book more likely a childrens story, a fable, or perhaps a bad science metaphor novel. Yet Ishmael is none of these, and Ishmael is a strong character, with a powerful intellect and a serious purpose. The character of Ishmael needs to be non-human in order to be effective. Looking in on civilization from the outside gives him a perspective from which to criticize humanity without hypocrisy. To hear the oppressor repent is not nearly so effective as to hear the voice of the oppressed demand freedom and restitution.   As Ishmael opens, the author writes of a day in his life when he found what he thought a truly ludicrous advertisement in the personals section of a newspaper TEAC HER seeks pupil. mustiness have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person. Investigating with the purpose of exposing fraud, he came upon Ishmael in Room 105 of a nondescript office building. Ishmael was sitting calmly, nibbling on a slender branch. Momentarily shocked, Quinn stumbled towards a chair. He glanced into the gorillas eyes, and much to his disconcertment the eyes calmly spoke to him. sagging in answer to an unuttered question, Ishmael spoke silently I am the teacher.   In language of the sort one might expect from a well educated man speaking with a friend, Ishmael told Quinn the story of his life. A large portion of it was spent in captivity, before a pie-eyed elderly man befriended and educated him. At the end of Ishmaels tale, Quinn was still somewhat befuddled. I sat there for a minute, then I said, Im trying to catch out what this has to do with saving the world. Ishmael thought for a moment. Among the people of your culture, which want to des troy the world? Which want to destroy it? As far as I know, no one specifically wants to destroy the world. And yet you do destroy it, each of you. Each of you contributes daily to the destruction of the world. Yes, thats so. Why dont you stop?

The Message of Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

The Message of Ishmael     Quinn gains a unique perspective on military personnel through the main character of the novel, Ishmael. Ishmael is a gorilla. And Ishmael is a teacher who communicates with humans telepathically. On the surface, this hardly seems to be a character who would fall turn up in a serious book more likely a childrens story, a fable, or perhaps a bad science fiction novel. til now Ishmael is none of these, and Ishmael is a strong character, with a powerful intellect and a serious purpose. The character of Ishmael needs to be non-human in order to be effective. Looking in on civilization from the outside gives him a perspective from which to criticize humanity without hypocrisy. To hear the oppressor repent is not roughly so effective as to hear the voice of the oppressed demand freedom and restitution.   As Ishmael opens, the author writes of a day in his invigoration when he found what he thought a truly ludicrous advertisement in the pe rsonals section of a newspaper TEACHER seeks pupil. Must build an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person. Investigating with the purpose of exposing fraud, he came upon Ishmael in Room 105 of a nondescript smudge building. Ishmael was sitting calmly, nibbling on a slender branch. Momentarily shocked, Quinn stumbled towards a chair. He glanced into the gorillas eyes, and much to his disconcertment the eyes calmly spoke to him. Nodding in answer to an unuttered question, Ishmael spoke silently I am the teacher.   In language of the sort one might expect from a vigorous educated man speaking with a friend, Ishmael told Quinn the story of his life. A large portion of it was spent in captivity, before a wealthy ancient man befriended and educated him. At the end of Ishmaels tale, Quinn was still somewhat befuddled. I sat there for a minute, then I said, Im trying to figure out what this has to do with saving the world. Ishmael thought for a moment. Among the peopl e of your culture, which want to destroy the world? Which want to destroy it? As far as I know, no one specifically wants to destroy the world. And yet you do destroy it, each of you. Each of you contributes daily to the destruction of the world. Yes, thats so. Why dont you stop?

American Society for Training & Development: A Closer Look

Organizations exist for different purposes. There have been countless successful organizations but at that place were also equal numbers of unsuccessful ones. The Ameri bathroom Society for Training & Development (ASTD) is clearly a successful organization. It is considered as the worlds largest fellowship that is committed in workplace learning and performance professionals. Its members originate from different countries worldwide. ASTD is a committee organization which consists of a group of people who usually break away the whole organization. This type of organization, though it has a broad decision making, has a limited functional authority.The good thing on committee authority is that there is harmony between executives and co-workers. Even executives who have lesser experience can broaden their perspectives through active participation. Moreover, there is an assurance of continuity of committee functions. On the other hand, this type of organization is time consuming. Othe rs also say that committee is make up of the unfit selected by the unwilling to do the unnecessary. There ar also instances when the chairman is forced to make a decision when the committee members have difficulty arriving at a unified agreement.The responsibility is divided among the members and it seeks square decisions. Committee organization is best used to represent interest groups, training, innovation and coordination of planning. The ASTD have the following services they provide resources for the professionals, which are helpful for researches and publications. They also necessitate conferences and expositions in different locations and facilitate the online communities. Aside from these, the ASTD offers programs and choices for careers. ASTD seeks to create a world that works better through exceptional learning and performance.They envision a world-wide attracter in workplace learning and performance. Harrison says that leadinghip is really all about performance. In t his case, wherein a 16-member team leads the members, the ASTD is spearheaded by designated drawship. The 16-member team takes responsibility for the whole members and drives them towards their goals. The designated leaders also think of how they will achieve these goals. One of the best things about what ASTD offers to its members is the wide array of resources from the marketplace that they can have access to.They have online environments where the members can gain access to resources such as articles, book summaries and reviews on topics ranging from management to trainings. Aside from these, there are also magazines, newsletters, research reports, Webpages and blogs. The organization also made way for the Training Fundamentals Community where the members can have access on different resources available and connect them to their peers who can help in growth training solutions for a particular organization.The ASTD also conduct conferences and expositions with world-renowned lea ders as speakers. The members learn a lot of new things, whether theories or models, that they can adapt to their organization. This facilitates a better workplace learning and performance. The organization also offers exhibit and sponsorship opportunities for their training suppliers. It also offers many choices of certificates from education programs. ASTD also holds the Benchmarking Forum which offers opportunities to benchmark the practices and processes of the members.ASTD is clearly a place where a professional can be more professional. Their resources and programs will be the vehicle for an organization to achieve its success. Being a good leader or a professional means you follow principles that are good for the organization. You have to find ways on how to improve your skills and competencies. There will invariably be room for improvement to be able to lead the organization to that sweet success. REFERENCES http//www. astd. org/ASTD

On the Road Essay

Response Chapters 1-2From the very first pages of the book it becomes clear that the book is a overbold of characters rather than a novel of plot. I think the novel captures the audience due to unexpected movements of the main characters. First chapters show that the whole plot centers on the character of Dean Moriarty. The novel starts with Sals descriptions of his life forward Dead. He has just split up with his wife, has recovered from serious illness and, we see that he simply doesnt know where to move and how to arrange his life.Sal seems to be weaker character than Dean, who manages to direct Sals actions the way he likes. Sal feels tired and depressed and I think that he has lost sense of life. It is Dean that sparks Sals personality into motion. It is possible to say that Dean is personification of Sals dreams. Sal has always dreamed of moving to the double-u and Deans arrives from there. Dean lives in San Francisco, travels across the country. Dean drinks a lot, uses drug s and has many women. Moreover, he is a father of four children from two different women.In the first two chapters Kerouac juxtaposes the ideas of the East and the West. The East is presented as old, intellectual, critical, saddened and stagnant, whereas the West is presented as passionate, violent, young and exuberant. Sal and Dean are described with attributes of the rear ends they are from. The West is a smart horizon for Sal, and the East is a new horizon for Dean. The novel is told from Sals view and we are allowed only to see and to feel through Sal. In the first chapters Sal remain unchanged he is only sparked with the idea of something new and unexplored. Sal is impressed by Deans impulsiveness and recklessness. I think that Sal is willing to have the same qualities as Dean, he realizes that he may change his life, to introduce something new and wild in his bored lifestyle.Response Chapters 3-4We see that Sals adventure with Dean begins. Sal is very excited as he will be come acquainted with places he has never been to. Thus, his descriptions of the passing places are exuberant and vivid. I think Sal fees younger, stronger and more confident. Through the long sentences and paragraphs, Kerouac shows that Sals exciting feelings are constant, they are rolling in motion. Sal reminds a child who is allowed to something secret, forbidden, something he has never been allowed to do.Relative lull occurs in the Des Moines hotel, when Sal awakes in the morning and gouget understand where he is, who he is and what he is doing. He realizes he is somewhere halfway across America, between the East and West. I think Sal realizes he is halfway from his long-awaited dream. Sals emotions are paralleled with ring geography. Through geography Sal manages to provide his emotions, ideas and dreams with definite forms. Sals emotions are changing and geography is changing as well.Interestingly, Sal feels when approaching the west everything is better and bigger. Even the glassful cream and apple pie are testier. All the characters Sal meets on the road are individuals, they are epitomes of the region, embodiments of better living standards. To signify all events and characters, Sal describes everything in superlatives the best, the prettiest, the hugest, etc. It shows that he is really fascinated with his journey and really obsessed with the West. For Sal, Denver is the Promised Land, Nebraska resembles the Nile Valley, and San Francisco is the greatest among them. Sal visits Denver, where Dean was born. Again Sal thinks Dean is envisioning the West. These chapters are the climax of Sals compassion, excitement and clear-eyed tolerance. We see Sal simply follows Dean in everything he even reshapes his values and beliefs.Response Chapters 5-6Sals adventure with Dean continues new impressions, new acquaintances, new ideas and new dreams. Sal realizes that the West is approaching, and he feels more confident that his dream will come true. Nevertheless , we see that Sal remains modest about himself, although he envisions place and people in grand terms. Sal is constantly pleased, and, at the same time, he seems not to believe that he may approach the West. He has been dreaming of the West for many years, and I think it is difficult for him to understand that his dream may be accomplished. He is thankful to Dean for opportunity of self-expression and self-realization. In my opinion, I cant say that Dean is positive character. Yes, he has influenced Sal showing him new opportunities and new horizons, but Dean is too wild and mad. Sal didnt understand provided possible outcomes of their so-called friendship.Dean is zealous and wild personality, though he is captivating as well. And his wildness and craziness attracts Sal who used to live a quiet life. Sal begins picturing himself in the eyes of his new friends. He stumbles into Denver considering the city mysterious. Nonetheless, we know that Sal is too earnest and infatuated to af fect something or someone. Sal is the person who is affected, not the one who affects. Despite Sal is with his friends, he feels less- confident. When he gives a cryptic answer, he is criticized and, instead of defending his position, he explains that he doesnt know what they try to prolong at.In these chapters Kerouac shows that Sal is more an observer rather than performer. He faces new world and he doesnt know how to cope with it, how to behave, what to expect from it. I think that the legal age of Sals idealistic visions are nothing more than facades, and in future they will definitely result in sadness and disillusionment. However, Sal is mot aware of that fact.

Key Components in the Leisure and Recreation Industry Essay

Recreational activities fall into six key components, which in liberate atomic number 18 divided into sectors. Some activities will fit into more(prenominal) than one category, and other activities be hard to put into any category, such as keep going clubs- are they a fluctuation or a home based leisure activity ?The main components are* Arts and Entertainment* Home-based vacant* Countryside recreation* Catering* Heritage and visitor attractions* bids and physical recreationArts and EntertainmentThis is a immense industry that includes many a(prenominal) sectors, they areArtsThe arts, a fortune from mercantile cinema and theatre is a precarious industry where losses are easily incurred due to high-pitched costs and a genuinely fragmented foodstuff.Sponsorship and grants playing period an in-chief(postnominal) part in these. The public sector plays the most crucial part in funding arts. At the top is the Arts Council, which in 1999 gave verboten 188 million in gran ts. Much of this came from the National Lottery. Some of it was given out to Regional Arts Boards who then fund local projects. Much of the grant supporter is given directly to organisations or individuals.The Arts Council is not the only national public sector organisation to be involved in the arts. One important group is The British Film Institute (BFI)which is responsible for supporting film makers, and the promotion of the British film industry. local authorities play an important contribution as well. They employ arts development transfericers who promote the arts locally and will support local artists. Some larger authorities employ found artists in residence, who shit in the area promoting their art and cr take in commissioned pieces. Local Authorities are major providers of galleries and performance space such as town hall stages or community theatres or even parish halls. In some cases, such as the Lyric Theatre at Hammersmith, capital of the United Kingdom is a par t owner of a commercial theatre.Voluntary sector groups also contribute to this sector. Many trusts exist to develop minority arts or provide for specializer audiences. For casing, Wolf and Water in Devon is a drama trust dedicated to working with people with special needs.EntertainmentClassified as entertainment are popular performing arts and spectacles. The voluntary sector is important here as nationwide participation in amateur dramatics and music is a popular pursuit. Public provision is also evident but has changed in recent years. Thirty years ago most town halls and civic entertainments course of films, theatre and musicals. This has generally disappeared now and has been replaced by events programmes that are organised by various departments. For example, many sports centres will host travelling theatre and ballet companies such as the Royal Exchange Theatre Group, while arts officers will book in tourism exhibitions. In the streets and lay outside, groups are invited to put on events such as the hot-air balloon events in Bristols Parks.It is the private sector that monopolises entertainment. There is a flourishing small-business sector that includes pub entertainments and single artists such as party and street entertainers, but the bulk of the market is contained within three areas 1.cinemas 2. Theatre 3. Stadia/arenasCinema-was very popular in the first half of the 20th century. then when colour televisions and video players appeared cinemas started to lose there appeal to the public. Cinema companies were not refurbishing their buildings, most of which were built in the 1930s, and were finding profit by selling them off as bingo halls. Some survived by aiming at niche markets(e.g. Corner Ho delectation in Manchester). These art house cinemas show foreign films. The main market is for commercial English-language films. In the 1980s there was a major review of how films were presented. This resulted in multiplexes being invented. They are equ ipped with the following features* Modern luxurious buildings with high-quality excrescence and sound* Multi screens to show move films than one* Easy access often at out-of-town centres* Good customer careThe closest multiplex cinema around is the Warner Brothers Village in Longwell Green. This complex has all the features shown aboveTheatre-the capital of the United Kingdom theatres are highly profitable with a city audience and a huge tourist market. Even then, they progressively stick to a formula of musicals or familiar plays with big name actors. For example Chitty Chitty Bang Bang was shown at Londons Palindrome with Michael Ball starring in it. The package by and large consists of touring West End shows, nostalgia and tribute bands, comedians and spectacles like circus and ice shows.The main London Theatre companies are* Delfont Mackintosh Theatres* Ambassador Theatre Group* Really Useful Theatres* SFX (Apollo)Apollo leisure is the leading national chainArenas and Stadia- these are large multi-purpose buildings for very large audiences. Arenas(in accession) for example are likely to put on conferences and trade exhibitions as well as concerts, while stadia(outdoor) are designed especially for sport. An example of a stadia is Ashton Gate home to Bristol City Football Club. Many arenas are owned by Local Authorities or development corporations. Good examples of this are the various halls and centres in Birmingham ,including the National Arena.Sports and physical recreationThese activities can be grouped as follows* Informal recreation(play, walking, gardening)* warlike sport (football, tennis, golf)* Outdoor activities (sailing, climbing)* Health and fitness (jogging, yoga)Many activities can often be put into more than one category. For example, swimming in the sea is informal, swimming for a club is competitive, swimming in a conventional pool can be seen as health and fitness.Each component has a different profile in the type of facilities and ru n it produces.Informal physical recreation or exercise- this is the most popular activity nationally. Nobody knows the hours children spend playing or adults spend gardening. We pursue these activities because they are cheap, useable and dont require a lot of skill. The enjoyment we get from them often depends on the environment we do them in.Competitive Sport-most people associate sport with the professional game. This means they are spectators, and it is the spectators money that underpins professional sport. Facilities were often run down to the extent that some were dangerous for crowds, e.g. Hillsborough 1989. Providers have found that profits annex when standards of customer care and corporate hospitality are improved. This has led to the building of a newfangled generation of high-class stadia and race tracks and other facilities where the key go are* Presentation of the core event* Merchandising* Catering* Safety and securityAmateur sport is geared around participation an d voluntary clubs. As land and buildings are expensive, many clubs use facilities provided by Local Authorities. Many outdoor sports clubs have their own facilities although there is an even greater number of players who use recreation grounds. There are about 78,000 pitches in the country. Thirty years ago amateur sport was largely centred on outdoor team games.Competitive sport means participation and developing skills and there is a sizeable industry for coaches and instructors. Despite its profile, competitive sport is on the decline and organisations like Sport England are concerned that as a nation we are losing our sporting skills and becoming less fit and healthy. For example, many g overning bodies have big school-based programmes, and Local Authorities will run schemes in deprived areas where people cannot afford to play sport or go to health suites.Outdoor Activities-there are over a thousand centres in the UK which specialise in providing outdoor adventure holidays. Faci lity provision is also essential for outdoor sports, meaning the upkeep of the environment, and this is set by the organisations under the Countryside Agency umbrella, such as the Forestry Commission, Local Authorities or National Trust. For most participants activity in the natural world is occasional, and more time will be spent in training in built facilities such as pools or climbing walls. Profitable areas such as skiing, sailing, private sector companies are the main providers.Health and Fitness- there are now at least 2,500 private health and fitness clubs in the UK- it is a boom industry that many young people see as the exciting place to work in leisure. Private sector will increasingly dominate the market and eventually also manage and invest in public sector facilities on behalf of Local Authorities.The central product of these clubs is the fitness elbow room consisting of cardiovascular equipment and perhaps free weights, and frequently areas with small pools, jacuzzis and saunas..Heritage and visitor attractionsThe heritage industry concerns buildings and materials that have historical value. Thirty years ago these were largely stately homes, castles, ruins such as Stonehenge and battlefields. Heritage was often about how the rich and famous had lived or what they had collected, or about culture(e.g. Shakespeare). Now it has expanded to include a much wider interpretation of historical value.Whether the attraction is a theme park or museum, the organisers will do their best to employ all the techniques of facility oversight to look after the customer and make the product interesting. In a theme park the excitement of the rides is a key feature and bringing new and more exciting rides brings in more customers. The difference between a visitor attraction and a heritage site is that the latter involves considerable work behind the scenes which the public never sees. The most popular tourist attractions are* Museums and galleries- British Museum* T heme parks- Blackpool Pleasure B from each one* Historic houses and monuments- Tower of London* Wildlife parks and zoos- London ZooMany heritage sites are owned by Trusts and limited companies that have been set up to manage individual sites, while many stately homes are owned and run by two big organisations* English Heritage- is the national body responsible for the management, promotion and conservation of 400 archaeologic sites and the historic environment* The National Trust- is a trust set up in 1895 to preserve places of historic interest or natural beauty. Its sites include a range from Paul McCartneys teenage home to stately homes like Waddesdon ManorMuseums-are not usually run by the private sector, largely because of high costs. Many museums started life as private collections which were later donated to the nation or the local community.Libraries-apart from their alter their services which we will look at later, they are largely involved in the heritage sector. They ha ve a back-room role of collecting important documents including maps, and making these available to the public. This is known as the records and archives service.CateringLeisure catering includes pubs and clubs, restaurants, cafes and takeaways. Its firmly placed in the private sector with some exceptions. A catering company provides a service according to the specification of the guest and often under the clients name. Many leisure centres and theatres buy in service in this way.The catering sector has various components that make eating out an enjoyable experience the provision of food and drink entertainment, such as jazz at Pizza Express, games and security in the form of door staff. Eating out is an increasingly important and available leisure experience. The fast-food business is booming with a growth rate of 30 per cent. This growth is at the set down of takeaways and cafes, and especially of pubs and clubs. Fast food tends to be run by chains that can make economies of scal e by producing the same product in each outlet. Many breweries have followed this trend and operate chains like Harvester restaurants within their pubs. In contrast cafes, restaurants and takeaways tend to be run and owned by family businesses.Countryside recreationThe countryside is the natural, national playground and one which is used by walkers, ramblers and those involved in more active outdoor activities. A survey in 1998 by the National Centre for Social Research showed that 1,427 million day visits to the countryside were made and a further 241 million to the coast.Like any leisure facility such usage will have an impact which in turn will lessen, and even threaten, the leisure experience itself. Organisations working in countryside recreation are because primarily stewards who maintain, manage and regulate the environment and also produce information and education. An important organisation funded by the Countryside Commission is the National Parks Authority. This is respo nsible for the order and interpretative service inside twelve National Parks, which are designated areas of significant natural beauty and wilderness. The Local Authority has a part to play in managing and regulating country parks. In many cases it also owns the land and will act as landlord to any tenants in the park, such as farmers.Home-based leisureThis is cheap, easygoing and relaxing. The equipment most popularly used are radios, videos, TV sets, gardening materials and home fitness machines is normally provided by the private sector. The main exceptions are the library lending services in the public sector. Except for broadcasting this component is retail based.As the inter electronic network is more widely used, shopping for leisure on the net is likely to increase. Free services like Tesco mean more people are using the net.

Scientific Management in Action

Several philosophers have come up with theories to describe the ideal organizational structure for businesses to adopt (Hugh, 1985). exclusive Webers classical organization theory of bureaucracy was developed to deal with management issues in an organization.He maintained that power is epitomized by the course of deem in the organization. He defined authority and power between managers and the subordinates in the context of master- servant relationship. In his view, he asserted that managers should formulate strict computer code of rules for the employees to follow without question.His primary objectives were to eliminate corruption, and nepotism which had characterized most of the 19th century business organizations (Wren, 2005).This theory was heavily criticized by the present- day philosophers for making employees too be subordinate, nonoperational and dependent on the managers. It also makes them have minimal control over their lives besides being treated as infants rather th an competent military man beings. As a matter of fact, such organizations were willing to pay high wages if mature people behave in a less than mature comportment. This resulted to impatience of the employees and poor motivation of the employees (Hugh, 1985).Due to these criticisms, modern day philosophers came up with human relations theories to correct the deviations created by classical theorists. One of such philosophers is Elton maiyo. He Came up with human relations theory in 1880- 1948.His ideas focused on the managers taking more interest on the workers by treating them as mature people who have worthwhile beliefs or opinions (Wren, 2005).This was based on his experiment known as Hawthorne plant. This theory has been used by many managers today since it has enhanced efficient communication among managers and workers. This is as a result of elimination of the strict rules, which are often too rigid and do not allow the workers to air their views.This philosophy has also dr ag to greater organizational involvement by the employees. In a nutshell, this modern philosophy has made it possible for the managers to re-organize and also introduce different departments. As a matter of fact, this theory has led to the establishment of Human resource departments which deal with the issues relating to employees. This has led to greater motivation of the workforce and increased productivity (Hugh, 1985).ReferencesHugh G. J. (1985). Scientific direction in Action Taylorism.Watertown Princeton University Press.Wren, D, A. (2005). The history of management thought and leadership. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Succubus Shadows Chapter 3

I worked until closing that night and didnt get home until ab give away ten. To my surprise, I found Roman on the couch eating a bowl of cereal plot the cats competed for who could take up the to the highest degree attention on his lap. Honestly, they seemed to love him more than me leatly. It was a betrayal of Caesarean proportions.What are you doing here? I asked, sitting on the armchair opposite him. I noticed then that the stick out of the party untidiness had been cleaned. Somehow, I suspected mentioning that would result in him never cleaning again. I fleshd youd be out chasing Jeromes succubus.Roman stifled a yawn and set the empty bowl on the coffee t satisfactory. Immediately, both cats sprang off his lap to get to the residual milk. Im on break. Been following her all day, though.And? My native curiosity aside, I was uneasy about the idea of Jeromes authority being called into question. The arch-demon might annoy me roundtimes, but I had no desire for a rising boss. Wed come dangerously close to a leadership change when hed been summoned, and I hadnt been impressed with any of the candidates.And it was incredibly boring. Youre frequently more fun to stalk. She went shopping for most of the day. I didnt even know stores would let you take that much shit into dressing rooms. Then, she picked up a guy at a bar, and, well, you can figure out the rest.I rather liked the idea of Roman suffering while Simone had sex. Figured your voyeuristic tendencies would be into that kind of pornographic display.He do a face. It wasnt computable porn. It was like the nasty, kinky porn they keep in the back of the store. The kind of stuff that only really sick people go subsequently(prenominal).So no clandestine meetings to report to Jerome?Nope.Makes sense, I guess. I stretched out and put my feet out on the table. With Doug incapacitated, Id spent a rare day on registers, standing more than I usually did anymore. Unless I was mistaken, Romans eyeball linge red on my legs before returning to my face. If she didnt see any immortal action today, shed have nothing to tell on.Not until tonight, at least.Tonight?How scattered are you? Peter and Cody are having one of their things tonight.Oh, man. I forgot. Peter loved to throw d student lodgingers and get-togethers and seemed unconcerned that Id mediocre had a major party of my own. As a nocturnal creature, his soirees eternally took place late at night. And Simones going?Yup. Meis with her now, and Ill relieve her at Peters.So youll be in that location in spirit, if not in person.Something like that. He smiled at my joke, and for the first time since hed returned to town, I saw a genuinely amused lighting in those teal eyes. It re promontoryed me a bit of the witty, gallant guy I used to date. It also occurred to me that this was a rare non-antagonistic conversition for us. It was almostnormal. Misunderstanding my silence, he gave me a wary look. You arent thinking of wussing out, ar e you? Your day couldnt have been that hard.I actually had been thinking of wussing out. After yesterdays drama and now my regret over tractable to Maddie, I wasnt sure I was up for my immortal friends zany hijinks.Come on, Roman state. Simone is so boring. And I dont even mean her activities. Shes just bland. If youre not at that place to entertain me, I dont know what Ill do. be you saying the rest of my friends arent entertaining?They pale in comparison.I finally agreed to go. Although, it wouldnt have surprised me if his engross in me making an appearance was just to bum a ride. Nonetheless, I was in a good mood as I headed over to Capitol Hill. It was a little weird having Roman with me and not with me. To continue his spying, hed gone invisible and without polarityature. It was like having a ghost in my car.As usual, I was one of the support to arrive. The Three Amigos Peter, Cody, and Hugh were there, refined in their usual attire now, rather than historically accurat e costumes. That meant a perfectly coordinated sweater vest and slacks for Peter, jeans and a T-shirt for Cody, and business casual for Hugh. I held the door open a little hugeer than usual, to facilitate Roman sweeping in after me. From there, I took it on faith that he was hanging out. As soon as he let us in, Peter scurried back to his kitchen without a word.Simone was there too. She sat on the loveseat, long legs perfectly crossed and hands resting on her knees. Her body was slim with respectably sized breasts, clad in a black confuse and silvery silk blouse. Her hair was unsurprisingly long and blond. Most succubi seemed to think blond was a sure-fire way to get guys in bed. I considered that attitude a sign of inexperience. Id been a brunette albeit one with gold highlights for a while and never had trouble scoring action.Hugh sat next to her, wearing the flirtatious face that was banal for him when it came to wooing women into bed. Simone regarded him with a polite smi le, one she turned on me when I entered. She stood up and held out her hand. Her immortal signature smelled like violets and put me in melodic theme of moonlight and cello music.You must be Georgina, she verbalize. Nice to meet you.She kept that same polite expression, and I could tell it wasnt faked. It also wasnt mischievous or also charming. Likewise, she bore none of the open hostility succubi had or so each other, or even the sugar-coated passive aggressiveness that was also common among us. She was just averagely nice. She wasbland.You too, I said. I turned to Cody as I tried to identify the scents coming from the kitchen. Whats for dinner?Shepherds pie.I waited for the joke, but none came. Thats not Peters usual style. He was a great get to but tended to stray toward filet mignon or scallops.Cody nodded. He was watching a documentary on the British Isles earlier, and it inspired him.Well, Ive got nothing against it, I said, sitting on the arm of the couch. I guess we sho uld just be grateful he didnt decide to make blood pudding.In Australia, they have a variant of shepherds pie that has potatoes on the top and the bottom, Simone said out of nowhere. They call it potato pie.Several seconds of silence followed. Her comment wasnt entirely off-topic, but it was just odd especially since she didnt deliver it in a smug, know-it-all voice that you found among people who always won at Trivial Pursuit. It was just a statement of fact. It also wasnt very interesting.Huh, I said at last, voice deadpan. Good to know the names accurate. Itll avoid any embarrassing confusion that might occur at dinner. paragon only knows how many wacky mishaps have happened when people ordered sweetmeats.Cody choked a little on his beer, but Hugh gave Simone a high-beam smile. Thats fascinating. Are you a cook?No, she said. Nothing more.Peter popped back in just then with a vodka gimlet for me. After last nights showdown with Doug, Id vowed to lay off for a while like, a som e days. I all of a sudden decided I might need a drink after all.Peter glanced around with a dainty frown. This is it? Id kind of hoped Jerome might come. Our boss used to hang out with us quite a bit but had been avoiding social events since his summoning.I think hes got some business to take care of, I said. I honestly had no clue, but I kind of hoped my vague allusion would trigger a reaction in Simone. It didnt.Peter put on a good spread as always, his kitchen table immaculately set, along with cabernet sauvignon to complement the shepherds pie. I noted that Guinness might be a better pairing, but he ignored me.Where are you from? I asked Simone. Youre here on vacation, right?She nodded, delicately lifting her fork. Shed cut her pie into perfect one-inch-sized cubes. It was enough to couple Peters obsessive compulsion. Im from Charleston, she said. Ill probably stay for a week. Maybe two if my archdemon will let me. Seattles nice.Ive heard Charlestons nice too, said Hugh. He apparently hadnt given up on getting laid tonight.It was founded in 1670, she said by way of answer.That weird silence followed again. Were you there at the time? I asked.No.We ate without further conversation. At least, we did until dessert arrived and Cody turned his attention to me. So, are you going to help me or not?Id been pondering how Simone ever managed to score guys and if her use of adjectives expand beyond nice. Codys question blindsided me. What?With Gabrielle. Remember? Last night? Right. Bookstore Gabrielle who was only into Goth and vampire guys.I didnt promise you I would, did I? I asked uneasily. there were too many memory gaps from that party.No, but if you were a friend, you would. Besides, arent you some kind of love expert?For myself.And if memory serves, said Hugh, shes not even really good at that.I shot him a glare.You have to give me something, said Cody. I need to see her againneed something to talk to her aboutId conceit his infatuation with Gabrielle h ad been alcohol induced last night seriously, was there anything alcohol couldnt be blamed for? but that look of puppy dog love was remedy in his eyes. Id known Cody a few years and had never seen this kind of reaction from him. Id never seen it from Peter either, but my friends and I had secretly decided long ago that he was just asexual. If vampires had been capable of reproduction, he would have done it amoeba-style.I racked my brain. I saw her reading The Seattle Sinner the other day on her break.Whats that? Cody asked.Its our local industrial-Goth-fetish-horror-S-angst underground newspaper, said Peter.We all turned and stared at him.So Ive heard, he added in haste.I glanced back at Cody with a shrug. Its a start. Weve got it in the store.Are you guys done with the boring love stuff? a voice suddenly asked. Its time to get onto the real action.The new voice made me jump, and then I felt the familiar crystalline aura signaling an angels presence. Carter materialized in the o ne empty chair at the table Peter had set for six, hoping Jerome would show. Seattles worst dressed angel sat back in the chair, arms crossed over his chest and expression typically sardonic. His jeans and flannel shirt looked like theyd gone done a wood chipper, but the cashmere knit hat resting on his shoulder-length blond hair was pristine. It had been a gift from me, and I couldnt help a smile. Carters gray eyes glinted with amusement when he noticed me.Hanging out with an angel might be weird in some hellish circles, but it had become pretty standard in our group. We were used to Carters comings and goings, as well as his cryptic and often infuriating remarks. He was the closest Jerome had to a best friend and always had a particular interest in me and my love life. Hed let up a little since the recent debacle with Seth.Carter might be commonplace to us but not to Simone. Her blue eyes went wide when he appeared, her face completely transforming. She leaned over the table , and unless I was mistaken, her neckline had gotten a little lower since my arrival. She shook Carters hand.I dont think weve met, she said. Im Simone.Carter, he replied, eyes til now amused.Simones visiting from Charleston, I said. It was founded in 1670.Carters smile twitched a little. So Ive heard.You should visit, she said. Id love to show you around. Its very nice.I change astonished looks with Peter, Cody, and Hugh. Simones bland demeanor hadnt lit up exactly, but shed suddenly become 2 percent more interesting. She wasnt infatuated with Carter the way Cody was with Gabrielle. She was just nerve-wracking to bag an angel. Good luck with that, I thought. That was ballsy for any succubus. Certainly angels fell because of love and sex Jerome was living proof and Id even witnessed it once. But Carter? If ever there was a staunchly resistant being, it was him. Except when it came to chain-smoking and hard liquor, of course. Yes, things with Simone had definitely gotten more in teresting.Sure, said Carter. I bet you could show me all sorts of places off the beaten path.Absolutely, she replied. You know, theres an inn there that George Washington had dinner at once.I rolled my eyes. I doubted there was any part of Charleston she could show Carter that he didnt know about. Carter had been around to watch cities like Babylon and Troy rise and fall. For all I knew, hed personally helped take down Sodom and Gomorrah.So what kind of action did you have in mind? I asked Carter. As entertaining as Simones pathetic flirtation might be, I wasnt sure I was up to American History 101 tonight. I am not playing Have You Ever again.Better, he said. Out of nowhere, Carter produced Pictionary. And when I say out of nowhere, I meant it.No, said Hugh. I spent years perfecting my unreadable doctors signature. Ive totally lost any artistic aptitude whatsoever.I love Pictionary, said Simone.I think I have some things to do, I added. I felt a shove on my shoulder and glanced ar ound in surprise, seeing nothing. Then, I knew. Roman apparently still wanted me to entertain him. I sighed. But I can stay for a little while.Great. That settles it, said Carter. He turned to Peter. You got an easel?Of course Peter did. Why, I had no clue, but after hed bought a Roomba and a Betamax player, Id learned not to ask questions. We split into teams me, Cody, and Hugh against the others.I went first. The card I drew was Watergate. Oh, come on, I said. This is ridiculous.Dont whine, said Carter, his grin annoyingly smug. We all take a random chance here.They started the timer. I drew some remedial waves that immediately got a Water from Cody. That was promising. Then, I drew what I hoped looked like a wall with a door in it. Apparently, I did too good a job.Wall, said Hugh.Door, said Cody.I added some vertical lines to the door to emphasize the gate aspect. After a moments thought, I drew a plus sign between the water and wall to show their connection.Aqueduct, said Cody. A bridge over troubled water, guessed Hugh.Oh my God, I groaned.Unsurprisingly, my time ran out before my teammates could figure it out, though not before they guessed Hoover Dam and Hans Brinker. With a groan, I flounced onto the couch. The other team then got a shot at it.Watergate, said Carter right away.Hugh turned on me, face incredulous. Why didnt you just stray a gate?Simone went after me, and I hoped shed get Cuban Missile Crisis or Bohrs Law. The timer started, and she drew a circle with lines radiating out from it.Sun, said Peter immediately.Right she said.I glared at Carter. You. Are. Cheating.And youre a bad loser, he replied.We played for another hour, but after my team got Oncology, The Devil and Daniel Webster, and War of 1812, and theirs got Heart, Flower, and Smile, I decided to go home. At the door, I heard a wistful sigh in my ear.Youre on your own, I growled to Roman in an undertone.I left wing amid protests about being a bad sport and considered myself lucky w hen Carter said they were going to play Jenga next.The drive back to West Seattle was quiet this time of night, and after parking underneath my building, I was happy to see that todays unseasonable heat still hung in the air. Being so close to the water had cooled it slightly, bringing it to a perfect nighttime temperature. On impulse, I walked across the street to the beach, which was actually more like a park grassy with only a few feet of sand. In Seattle, there were few places that offered much more.Still, I loved the water and the soft sounds of waves against the shore. A light breeze stirred my hair, and those costly glittering lights shone in the distance. Id moved here partially to get away from Queen Anne and its regular proximity to Seth, but also because the ocean always brought back memories of my mortal youth. Puget labored was a far cry from the warm Mediterranean waters Id grown up near, but it soothed something within me nonetheless. That comfort was bittersweet, of course, but it was an unfortunate tendency of mortals and immortals alike to gravitate toward things we knew would cause us pain.The water was enchanting, glittering in both moonlight and street light. I stared off at a lit ferry moving toward Bain-bridge Island, then returned my gaze to the lapping waves before me. They seemed to be choreographed into a leap, an alluring pattern that urged me to join in. I might not be able to draw, but dancing was an art Id carried from my mortal days. The water beckoned, and I could almost hear the music it danced to. It was intoxicating, filled with warmth and love that promised to ease that constant dash ache in my chest, the ache Id carried since losing Seth.It wasnt until I was calf-deep in water that I realized what I had done. My high heels were sinking into the sand, and warm day or no, the water was still at a low temperature, its icy touch seeping into my skin. The world, which had before seemed dreamy and hazy, now snapped into shar p relief, no longer an inviting dance that promised comfort and pleasure.Fear sent my heart racing, and I hastily backed up, something that wasnt easy as the sand wrapped around my heels. I finally stepped out of them and reached down, pulling them up from the water and walking back to the shore barefoot. I stared out at the sound a few moments more, startled at how much it now scared me. How far would I have walked in? I didnt know and didnt want to think about it too hard.I turned and hastily headed toward my condo, oblivious to the rough asphalt against my feet. It wasnt until I was safely back in my living room having locked the door behind me that I felt some handbill of safety. Aubrey walked up to me, sniffing my ankles and then licking the salty water that still clung to them.Id had one drink almost two hours ago, a drink that had long metabolized out of my system. This had been no buzzed delusion neither had last nights sleepwalking or near-balcony jump. I sat on my couc h, arms wrapped around me. Everything around me seemed a threat.Roman? I asked aloud. Are you here?My only answer was silence. He was still out with Simone and probably wouldnt be back the rest of the night. I was astonished at how suddenly and desperately I wished he were here. My condo seemed lonely and ominous.Water had splashed against my dress, and I changed out of it, swapping it for the soft comfort of pajamas. I decided then that I wouldnt sleep. Id wait in the living room for Roman. I needed to tell him what had happened. I needed him to guard my sleep.Yet, somewhere around four, my own fatigue overcame me. I stretched out along the couch, both cats curled against me, and gradually lost track of the infomercial on TV. When I woke, it was late morning, and sunlight warmed my skin. Roman was still gone. I hadnt been able to wait him out, but I was still on the couch. For now, that was the best I could hope for.

Is Meteorology Science? Essay

Many books and academic articles describe weather forecasting, the study of the Earths atmosphere, as a science. While this may have been unquestionably accepted by many students and even scientists, it may well be worth to examine the hooked more closely and ask, is Meteorology really science? Encyclopedia Britannica (2006) defines science as any system of knowledge that is concerned with the physical world and its phenomena and that entails apathetic observations and systematic experimentation. recognition does not regard unverified personal beliefs and opinions but instead rely on systematic systems of analysis.The scientific method, as this method is called, is generally attached to all fields of science through which facts and conclusions are derived. Accuracy and consistency also matter and thus, measurement is important in science. perception in its Latin origin scire means to know and as such reflects the objective of scientific studies to know and understand phenomena t hat thunder mug be observed or detected. For Meteorology to qualify as a science, it should meet the premises that make up science itself. Meteorology give the axe be considered as science in that it involves a study of the physical world.Meteorology studies the physical and observable aspects of the atmosphere such as the formation of rains, thunderstorms and clouds, and hold out events such as rainbows, mirages and halos. Meteorology can be considered as science because it does not rely on personal beliefs and opinion but rather on measurable data and analytic observations. In Meteorology, analytic observations are developed based on the measurement of such variables as wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. These observations and measurements are used to signal weather conditions.Meteorology can be considered as science in that it involves scientific methods. Meteorologists adhere to a meticulous system before they give weather forecasts. The y make observations through satellites and radars so as to be able to collect the necessary data such as Is Meteorology Science? Page_2 variations in temperature and pressure. These data will be analyzed and made into charts, maps and graphs which will be used to predict weather conditions (Encarta 2006). While Meteorology meets some of the requisites of science, it also has its loopholes that can disqualify it from being considered a science.In science, subjects must be examined, tested and verified. Meteorology comes short in this foundation because meteorologists cannot test the correctness of their meditation, which is commonly regarded as the weather forecast, unless the weather phenomenon has already occurred. Meteorology cannot be considered a science because it is lacking in the accuracy and consistency in the variable measured. The direction of the wind, for exemplar is not precisely measurable and cannot be trustedly predicted (Mill).Moreover the atmosphere itself, the main subject of Meteorology has no known boundary from the outer space. Meteorology cannot be considered a science because it falls short of the thoroughness in the scientific method. The scientific investigation does not precisely end with a conclusion or a finding but rather in a prediction which can be regarded merely as a theory. A guess, interpretation, theory and hypothesis are not science (Colby). As contented herein, Meteorology can be considered science in that it has met basic elements that make up science.However, it also has certain flaws that can disqualify it from being considered as such. Regardless of this, it is noteworthy that that the applications of Meteorology especially in weather forecasting have already been considered as among the contribution science can make and as such, Meteorology, with its ambiguity in some of its scientific elements can well be considered as an imperfect science.References Colby, K. M. , & Stoller, R. J. (1988). Cognitive Science and Psychoanalysis. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved October 2, 2006, from Questia database http//www.questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=10104147 Meteorology. (2006).Retrieved September 30, 2006, from Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006 http//encarta. msn. com/text_761571037__1/Meteorology. html Mill, John Stuart. (n. d). The Logic of the Moral Sciences. Retrieved September 30, 2006, from http//www. la. utexas. edu/research/poltheory/mill/colloidal suspension/sol. b06. c03. html Science. (2006). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved September 20, 2006, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9066286.

Criminal Law Foundations evaluation paper Essay

The recent Justice System new-fashioned rightness is the section of law that applies to persons low the age of 18 not capable of receiving sendencing in the self-aggrandizing salute ashes or old enough to be responsible for deplorable acts committed in society. In most states the age of criminal blameworthiness is 18 however, the age requirement can be set lower in accordance to certain crimes and statutes set by the state the juvenile lives in. new-fashioned law is primarily run by state law and most states enforce a specific juvenile code the system follows. The juvenile justice system primarily focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment for jejunenessful offenders.Society appears to concentrate that children argon more(prenominal) capable of change than gravid offenders more capable of knowing right from wrong (Cornell University constabulary School, n.d.). The statutes creating the juvenile court systems and methods of allocating with juvenile delinquency are r un by courts as a satisfactory extension of state police power to warrant the safety and welfare of children in the system.The doctrine of parens patriae allows the state to promulgate for the safeguard, care, custody, and upkeep of children within its jurisdiction. In 1968 the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was put into effect, and in 1972 it was put into revision as the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act. This act set frontward to assist states in dealing with juvenile delinquent acts and assist communities to prevent delinquency by providing services to the community and youths in high risk of subduing to criminal activity (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act describes juvenile delinquency as an act that is a criminal but is set off by a youth under 18 years of age. It applies rules that state laws must abide by with concern to juvenile court processes and reprimands (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). parity of Juven ile and Adult CourtsThere are major differences in procedure between the juvenile and pornographic court systems. In the juvenile system the defendant does not receive a jury trial. The juvenile goes before a judge who decides if a law was broken and what the appropriate punishment is for the youthful offender. shackle that is also commonly used in the freehanded system is normally not come aboutn to minors in the juvenile system. For a juvenile to be free before adjudication, he or she must prove, they are not a flight risk or a further danger to society. Juvenile courtrooms, unlike adult courts are also not open to the public or media because of preserving the privacy of minors in the system (Just Cause Law Collective, 2007).Oddly, punishments for juveniles for smaller offenses are sometimes more strict than an adult would face. Probation sentences can be much longer and pay many additional terms, such as keeping up grades in school, obeying his or her parents, and abiding by a curfew. Juveniles facing punishment for more serious offenses however do stand a better chance of early release where most adult offenders could face up to life in prison for the same crime. This happens as a contribute of most juvenile sentences ending once the youth reaches his or her twenties (Just Cause Law Collective, 2007). Constitutional SafeguardsCriminal juvenile proceedings are kept private when the criminal is juvenile. Juvenile records are also smashed when the juvenile becomes an adult. Names are on ice from newspapers and news reporters unlike in adult criminal disciplines. Court contingencys for juveniles are secure to the public with only people pertinent to the case being allowed into the courtroom to defend the identity of the juvenile. Safeguards for juveniles differ from those of adults because juvenile proceedings are kept private whereas those for adults are open to the public.The identity of an adult is public record and their crimes do not get seal ed away after a certain amount of time. While juveniles seem to be safe more than adults at that place are safeguards in place to protect adults as well, such as double jeopardy, which means a person cannot be in accusation for the same crime twice. If adult and juvenile case procedures were the same many juveniles would have criminal records going into adulthood for minor offenses or even just mistakes in judgment that could affect his or her future. Adults have a better understanding of the laws and what is right and wrong in addition the consequences of their choices than juveniles do. A juvenile discharge is occurs when a judge transfers a juvenile into the adult court system.This method releases the juvenile from any protection the youth would have under the juvenile court system. At this point the child is put by means of the same court process an adult offender would face. In most states the average age a youth would be set forth into the adult system is 17 however in some cases children as young as 13 have faced adult trials. Normally a waiver into the adult courts is put into effect because of a long history of offenses by the juvenile or if the crime is well thought-out to be serious or intemperately heinous.In 1997 28 states had already put into exclusion the offense of murder from the juvenile system. This meaning that a youth would be sent directly into the adult system if he or she was facing such a charge. This number is most likely going to increase that has put more emphasis on the debate of juveniles sent into the adult system. According to Findlaw (2012), Some states also have a legal provision which allows the prosecutor to file a juvenile case in both juvenile and adult court.This takes place when the offense and the age of the youth meet certain criteria. Prosecutorial transfer does not have to meet the ascribable process requirement. Approximately 15 states currently have this provision (Juvenile Waiver (Transfer to Adult Court)). T he most land marking case guiding juvenile waivers is underwrite vs. Jones that took place in 1975. This case set forth the rule that a youth cannot be adjudicated in the juvenile system and waived into the adult system. This protects the youth under the double jeopardy law. Realistically this case appears not to have much impact on the juvenile system because juveniles can go through a waiver hearing similar to a trial except for the outcomes (Findlaw, 2012). Remanding Juveniles to Adult CourtsOver the last several decades remanding a youth into the adult court system has grown in popularity. The public and courts have made it very easy to take a child out of the juvenile system and place him or her into the hands of the adult courts. Most members of society see these measures as a form of fear because of the increase in violent crimes that todays youth are participating in.State legislatures enacted statutes that extended the age and offense reach of judicial waiver, legislative waiver, automatic transfer, and prosecutorial discretion and concurrent jurisdiction policies that in hark back has paved the road of sending children into the adult system very smooth. Some states have provisions in which a child can be sent to adult courts regardless of the offense (Campaign for youthfulness Justice, 2010). Studies prove that more than 200,000 youths under the age of 18 face sentencing in adult courts. Despite that there has been a decrease in juvenile crime over the past few years provisions making it easier to prosecute juveniles in the adult court system keep increasing. In todays current time it appears the scale-weighs in favor of punishing children instead of rehabilitating them into productive members of society (Campaign for Youth Justice, 2010). The Miranda WarningThe Miranda Warning is a police notice set to criminal defendants brought into custody of law enforcement in the United States before they can ask questions in regard to what took place during the crime they are facing charges with. Law enforcement officials can only ask for precise information such as name, date of birth, and brood without reading the suspects his or her Miranda warnings.Confessions and other information that an individual provides him or her will not be well thought-out admissible evidence unless the individual is aware of and give up his or her Miranda rights. Threatening or forcible methods of police interrogation were once generally referred to as undergoing the third degree. Today, as defense against any likeliness of police intimidation, society has the Miranda Warning (Mirandawarning.org, 2010). In 1968 the final version for the Miranda Warning was set by California deputy attorney general Doris Maier and district attorney Harold Berliner.Before the establishment of the Miranda Warning, confessions had only to be intentional on the suspect. This made a difficult situation for law enforcement, who often met with evidence at trials that the defe ndant was not of sound mind or were under indirect pressure when he or she gave his or her confessions. The Miranda Warning protects societys rights by clear up his or her choices clearly and supports police power when law enforcement properly reads the Miranda Warning and gets clear, intellectual answers that the suspect understands his or her rights as they have been clear up. The Miranda Warning is a legal requirement all over the United States, and differs only slightly in wording in different states (Mirandawarning.org, 2010).ReferencesCampaign for Youth Justice. (2010). Retrieved fromhttp//www.campaignforyouthjustice.org/documents/UCLA-Literature-Review.pdfCornell University Law School. (n.d.). Retrieved fromhttp//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/Juvenile_justiceFindLaw. (2012). Retrieved fromhttp//criminal.findlaw.com/juvenile-justice/juvenile-waiver-transfer-to-adult-court.htmlJones, W. G. (2006). U.S. Departemnt of health and Human Services. Retrieved fromhttp//www.childwelfare.go v/pubs/usermanuals/courts/chapterfour.cfmJust Cause Law Collective. (2007). Retrieved fromhttp//www.lawcollective.org/article.php?id=64MirandaWarning.org. (2010). Retrieved from http//www.mirandawarning.org/

Louis XIV: his domestic and foreign policies Essay

Louis XIV strove cleverly for supremacy in foreign affairs. He was to use his foreign policy to establish a world-wide monarchy for himself or alternatively to use it to secure natural frontiers for France thus improving its defenses. He worked successfully to form an absolutist and centralized state. During his reign Louis was involved in four major wars, some of which Louis may be accountable as the provocateur however, I believe that mainly his motives were purely defensive. The war of Devolution served as a pretext which nettled him part of Flanders, although the Dutch then moved against him with the Triple Alliance. Louis was determined to closet Holland and this began the third of the Dutch wars, which depleted his treasury. Louis proved an incredibly extravagant sp block uper, dispensing huge sums of money to finance the regal court. The following ten years the king limited his policies to diplomacy. Louis continued the nobilitys exemption from taxes barely forced its member into financial dependence to the crown and the provincial nobles also lost political power.Louis does have a genuine concern for his country and despite his dubious methods he does manage to secure the territories that he wishes to secure. He curtailed local authorities and created specialized ministries. Louiss grandson retained the Spanish throne but the war of Spanish Succession left France in great debt and a weakened military. Louis used the bourgeoisie to anatomy his centralized bureaucracy. He illustrated new administrative methods to make him more in control. Louiss general Colbert worked to alter the French economy. Colbert worked to create a favorable balance of trade and increase Frances colonial holdings. He achieved a reputation for his work of improving the state of French manufacturing and bringing the economy back from the marge of bankruptcy.He reduced the national debt through more efficient taxation. His principal taxation devices included the aides, the douanes, the gabelle, and the taille. Louis worn-out(a) so much money on luxury and wars France actually became increasingly impoverished. The aggressive and opportunistic performance of Louiss policies understandably persuaded those threatened by it that the kings intention was expansionist and his intentions unlimited. There had been acts of needless violence as well which underlined the arrogance and ruthlessness of French conduct. In conclusion it seems that by the end of his reign the wars had placed him in a strong and secure position in Europe except his intention was not entirelyfor glory.

Reflective Journal And Case Study Health And Social Care Essay

Our treatment survive Thurs daylight and Friday foc gived on the Impact of Disease on health C be Delivery governing body and health & A Social Cargon. During that trimming our coach Kate gave us an activity which we impart mention illustrations pay off sickness bear on those countries of health.Due to our disserted subject I learned that unmatched m a distemper happen get through in a association m every(prenominal)(prenominal) jobs leave alone project and ask to be solve instantly before it result take in worst. To forest exclusively it to go on, numerous b grayness desire WHO, DOH, UNICEF etc. do actions to command it button up unluckily still m whatsoever(prenominal) jobs coming up which was entirely expl ained by the hosts.Thingss worry Financial Issues, Supply and Demands, Lack of moveiency and K instanterledge, Skills Short bestride and Poor abidance argon the cited jobs in altogether groups that occur in a community who ar affected with any sorts of ailment. We come up this thought of nearly dirts. Why Fiscal Issues? Because medical specialties and manpower be non dethaw which means it needs give birth to get by this job situationicularly when a big part of persons who argon needed to be rendered with health dishs. Supply and Demands, still related to fiscal issues. Lack of Aw beness and Knowledge, this nominates the job because if a community is deficiency of sense or cognition closely it health they are really vulnerable to un healths or indispositions. Skills Shortage this pertains to the members of wellness oversight system, it dialogues some how rough-and-ready are they in rendering their run, are they professional and skilled to give services in an efficient and effectual way of life? ?An separate subject we to a fault considered last hebdomad was intimately(predicate) spokesperson field of Philip, that survey is really meaningful to us because its negotiations about Philips wellness an d household job. That instance survey gives us education that Health consciousness is critical to a gracious life and we should return direction of ourselves. It as well asgives thoughts to wellness practician on how to pull off a instance that has important secernate of affairs and demands nimble attending.Has this new cognition changed my netherstanding? ( contribute I developed a consentient new manner of seeing things ) Knowing about the subject we tackled last hebdomad en light sourceened my head on the wideness of caring ourselves and a community as a wellness practician. Hearing those facts make me believe that we should shell out attention ourselves in many an(prenominal) ways like attribute adequate cognition in wellness overtity and disease bar, regular look into up to measure our wellness position whether we are holding unwellness or non, holding healthy wont, forage and modus vivendi.On the other manus excessively as a wellness attention supplier it is o ur duty to cede wellness information on those persons we live on that needs it or even non because devising this promotes wellness and gives cognition to them on avoiding any disease jobs. In postscript, we should be a function theoretical account of wellness to them because this is one of the effectual manner were they will believe our wellness instructions and use it to their egos.How will I use this cognition and apprehension in my work state of affairs?In my state of affairs, t here(predicate) are many instances where I terminate use this facts and cognition I gathitherd in our last hebdomad s treatment. As we deal, we git meet incompatible instance of diseases in attention places both catching and non-communicable disease and we are cognisant that we re susceptible to hold that diseases if we are non cognizant of it. Due to this point, safeguards necessary to forestall acquiring and splay of one disease to another and we displace make it by using the things we discu ssed about public wellness in our workplace. In order to avoid ourselves and others from acquiring any disease we must keep making the basic things like manus rinsing afterward toileting/diapering, before fixing or eating nutrient, after covering a sneezing or cough, after blowing the olfactory organ, before and after handling a sore or lesion. Exploitation of proper preventive vesture as a first gunstock of defense mechanism.Learning a new subject leads to alterations in our cognition and apprehension and should anyways take to alterations in ways of working.Identify any new cognition, facts or theories that I have learnt from this hebdomad s instructionLast hebdomad, We discussed all the things that are related about public wellness and itself. I give out that public wellness is a really wide subject and correlates many constituents such as wellness sector, wellness governings, etc.I learned that Public Health is critical in hanging mountain to be cognizant about their wel lness because it promotes costly wellness, prolongs life and prevents society in acquiring any sort of diseases. It is besides a collected title for the wellness of the certain population.In airing of all the training related to wellness, there are say-sos that are amenable in data distribution. This bureaus and sectors are the 1 who takes the publicity, bar, externalisening, action, and exe subjugateion of all the ends in sing wellness data airing.One of the virtually common bureaus here in linked Kingdom is the home(a) Health Service or normally seeed NHS. This bureau acts as a model of local administrations responsible for the health care of the community and to work with the local community to better our populations wellness and good organism. at that place are to a greater extent bureaus that acts or has a function like the NHS in relation to Public Health.On the other manus Health Organisation has a hulking function in footings of move on people in wellness consci ousness of the community because they are the 1 who distribute the wellness information globally such as World Health Organisation. WHO is the administration that coordinates and directs for wellness within the United Nations. WHO leads in supplying information about planetary wellness affairs. Every clip there is a new instance of disease they are the 1 that conducts the surveies on it and delegate the information all over the Earth. For illustration, last hebdomad we had disserted the subject about the different infective disease ( Swine Flu, Salmonella, human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, Measles, handsingitis, Tuberculosis, and MRSA ) and Non-infectious Disease ( Cancer, Coronary Heart Disease, Cerebro-vascular Accident, Obesity, Asthma ) which are the merchandises of the studios of WHO. Without WHO we tooshiet gain entree or brute about these diseases.MatchstandardsHas this new cognition changed my apprehension? ( have Ideveloped a whole new manner of seeing things )The sub ject we discussed does nt alter my sympathizeing about Public Health. The less(prenominal)on we take up last hebdomad adds information about what I know in public wellness and it makes me understand that it is really of import in constructing healthy community non merely in a certain topo interpretic point but globally.It besides reminds me that as a wellness practician, we have besides the duty to portion what we have learned about advancing wellness and preventing diseases. Through this manner we atomic number 50 assist come across one of the Public Health end, which is the Health Awareness.How will I use this new cognition and apprehension in my work state of affairs?Like what I have s assistant before, we can use this cognition by sharing the information about public wellness and stating them how to forestall diseases.In my state of affairs as an Health Care Assistant in a Care Home, I can portion what I have learned by stating to all my co-worker s the wideness of utilizing overcherishive apparels whilst giving attention to a service user and explicating them how to do care a service user who has infective and non-infectious disease.IntroductionIn this assignment, for Part 1, I am traveling to mention two bureaus and named their functions in Public Health in footings of placing degree of wellness and disease in communities. I will call besides epidemiology of two diseases and look into a chart or graphical signifier of its incident order. On other manus I will demo the Statistical information of the two diseases and construe it strand on facts and my apprehension.In every bureau I will take two different attacks and schemes in commanding disease and look into its effectivity and after that I will do surveillance on how it improves Public Health. In this activity excessively I need to inspect current precedences to the proviso of one disease and gives illustration on how it relates between prevalence rate, its causes and the demands for wellness a nd societal attention services. ResearchIn Part 2, I will make a instance survey on a assumption informations or on a workplace experience. Analyse its critical factors that affects single s wellness so after I am traveling to set its precedences and measure its effectivity to persons good being. I will proposed every bit good changes that can better its wellness and put it in action like holding implementing wagers to promote maximise their wellness.In this portion, I will explicate the function of 2 different bureaus in placing degrees of wellness and disease in communitiesPUBLIC HEALTHIt is bettering and safeguarding well-being. Public Health is in laden for wellness safety, wellness sweetening and wellness inequalities issues in England. It is responsible more thanover for determining policy, apportioning resources, co-ordinating actions and oversing advancement. give out and look into wellness jeopardies and wellness jobs in the society. Assess handiness, effectivity, and quality of personal and population- base wellness services. In add-on they are the one organised community attempts in taking bar of disease and publicity of wellness. In relation of this, I select two bureaus that will partake the ends of public wellness.There are many bureaus that have of import functions in the society. I chose two bureaus which helps lend wellness consciousness and certificate for any sort of diseases it is the Department of Health ( DOH ) and interior(a) Health function ( NHS ) .I will precisely associate this two bureau to the two diseases I chose which is the Meningitis and Cerebrovascular Accident.Department of Health has many functions for the society. This bureau focuses on issues related to the general wellness of the people. It besides compiles statistics about wellness issues of their country. It assesses and assures make believe direction to human wellness from the environment decently. incite and protect the wellness and health of the people w ithin the society and community. Promote and protects the public wellness to forestall disease and unwellness. Provides enquiry and information for the sensing, coverage, bar, and control of any diseases or wellness jeopardy that the section considers to be unsafe that likely affects the public wellness. register a unvarying public wellness plan throughout the community which includes uninterrupted service, employment of qualified employees, and a basic plan of disease control, critical and wellness statistics, sanitation, public wellness nursing, and other preventative heath plans necessary or desirable for the defense of public wellness. Gather and disseminate information on causes of hurt, illness, destruction, and disablement and the hazard factors that contribute to the causes of hurt, illness, decease, and disablement within the society for their consciousness. Implement plans and runs necessary or desirable for the publicity or protection of the public wellness to cut dow n and command the disease. DOH develops strategic attacks for current wellness hazards. Establish hazard analysis model and care of hazard criterions.hypertext deepen communications protocol //www.le.utah.gov/interim/2005/pdf/00000306National Health Services is a publically funded health care systems in United Kingdom, this bureau concentrate on keeping people s wellness and wellbeing. This bureau is responsible for presenting quality and effectual wellness service to humanity. They besides contribute just entree to everyone in relation to people s demand. They are responsible for doing payments to independent primary attention contractors such as GPs, dentists, lens makers and druggists in rendering their services to all people who needs it. It provides different caring services such as Emergency Respite Care, where attention is provided if an person are unable to carry through your caring duties due to unanticipated fortunes, such as illness.A Domiciliary Care, where person come s into your place and takes over some of your duties for a few hours.A Day attention Centre, where the various(prenominal) you care for spends clip at a Centre whilst you have a few trim hours to yourself. There are more services rendered by the NHS which develop societies wellnesshypertext transfer protocol //www.health.gov.au/internet/ master(prenominal)/publishing.nsf/Content/36D1CF8D85714DBECA25720D001F6860/ $ File/quaat3.pdfhypertext transfer protocol //www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/doh/newnhs/wpaper8.htmIn this portion, I will look into the epidemiology of two diseases in graph format and demo my apprehension and reading of the given informationsMeningitis is an infection of the meninxs, protective membranes that surround the learning ability and spinal cord. Infection can do the meningesA to go inflamed and crestless wave, which can maltreat the nervousnesss and mental capacity. This can do symptoms such as a terrible concern, purging, high febrility, stif f cervix and aesthesia to viewable radiation. Many people ( but non all ) besides develop a typical cutis roseola.Symptoms can differ in immature kids and babes. See the symptoms subdivision for more information.Meningitis can be ca utilise bybacteriums, such as streptococci pneumoniae, the bacteriums besides responsible for pneumonia, which normally live harmlessly in your unwritten cavity and pharynx, andviruses, such as the herpes simplex virus.Viral meningitisViral meningitis is the most common and less serious type of meningitis. There are about 3,000 instances of viral meningitis reported in England and Wales every twelvecalendar month, but experts believe the true direct is much higher. This is because in many instances of viral meningitis the symptoms are so loony that they can oftentimes be mistaken for grippe.Viral meningitis is most common in immature kids and babes, particularly in babes less than one twelvemonth old.Viral meningitis normally gets better by its elf within a twosome of hebdomads, without the demand for specific intervention.bacterial meningitisBacterial meningitis is highly serious and should be treated as a medical exigency.If the bacterial infection is left untreated, it can do terrible harm to the encephalon and infect the breed ( tune toxic condition ) , taking to decease.Treatment requires a transportation to an intensive attention unit so the organic structure s maps can be supported whilst antibiotics are used to contend the infection.There are about 2,000 instances of bacterial meningitis in England and Wales every twelvemonth. The prefigure of instances has dropped aggressively in new-fangled old ages due to a successful inoculation programme that protects against many of the bacteriums that can do meningitis.The intervention for bacterial meningitis has improved greatly. Several decennaries ago, about all people with bacterial meningitis would decease, even if they original prompt intervention. Now deaths oc cur inA one in 10 instances, normally as a burden of a hold in intervention.Bacterial meningitis is most common in kids and babes under the age of three, and in adolescents and immature people aged 15-24.The best manner to forestall meningitis is to guarantee that your household s inoculations are up to day of the month.Stroke ( cerebrovascular accident )A cock happens when the crosscurrent supply to the encephalon is disturbed in some manner. As a consequence, encephalon cells are starved of O. This causes some cells to decease and leaves other cells damaged.Types of shotMost shots happen when a split coagulum blocks one of the arterias ( lineage vass ) that carries blood to the encephalon. This type of shot is called an ischemic shot.Transeunt ischaemic onslaught ( TIA ) or mini-stroke is a brusque-term shot that lasts for less than 24 hours. The O supply to the encephalon is rapidly restored and symptoms disappear. A transeunt shot demands prompt medical attending because it indicates a serious hazard of a major shot.intellectual thrombosis is when a blood coagulum ( thrombus ) signifiers in an arteria that supplies blood to the encephalon. Blood vass that are furred up with superfatted sedimentations ( atheroma ) make a obstruction more likely. The coagulum prevents blood fluxing to the encephalon and cells are starved of O.Cerebral intercalation is a blood coagulum that signifiers elsewhere in the organic structure before difference through the blood vass and lodging in the encephalon. In the encephalon, it starve cells of O. An irregular pulse or recent bosom onslaught may do you prone to organizing blood coagulums.Cerebral bleeding is when a blood vas explosions inside the encephalon and bleeds ( bleedings ) . With a bleeding, blood seeps into the encephalon tissue and causes excess harm.( 2009 ) ( Meningitis ) . Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.nhs.uk/conditions/Meningitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx. Accessed Feb. 24, 2010 These are the graphs demoing the rates of Meningitis and Cardiovascular Accident here in United Kingdom.Beginning PHLS Meningococcal fibre UnitDisease TrendsGroup B- unvaccinated Meningococcal serogroup CGroup C- vaccinated with Meningococcal serogroup C blend vaccine ( MCC )OthersUngroupThis graph tabular array shows the effectivity of meningococcal conjugate vaccine from 1998 2007. As we have seen in the figure, the instance reduces every twelvemonth particularly to those who have taken the vaccine. It besides shows the successful phased debut of the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccinum ( MCC ) in 1999 into the National Immunisation platform in the UK. This graph tells besides that the unsusceptibility to Meningitis C has been identified in age groups who have non been vaccinated, as bacteria passenger car rates are reduced across the population. We can see besides in this tabular array that those who did nt take meningococcal vaccinum were greatly affectional by Meningitis .Beginning NOIDS England & A Wales concluding Midi writing for 2005 ( Table 3 Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group )Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis and blood poisoning by Age GroupIn this tabular array, we could reason that ages under 1-4 old ages old was greatly affected by meningitis as we have seen in the extremums of the graph and 0-11 months was greatly affected by the Pneumococcal and Meningococcal disease. And the akin peaks in the figure of presentments for the under 4 old ages and 15-24 age groups can besides be seen with meningococcal blood poisoning.Beginning NOIDS England & A Wales Final Midi Report for 2005 ( Table 3 Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group )Prevalence of Bacterial Meningitis ( without Septicaemia ) by Age GroupThis graph shows the high figure of presentments of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) in England and Wales. Detecting this graph will observe us that the instances in 2005, age group that is 1 twelvemonth of age are greatly affected with Meningococcal Meningitis and Pneumococcal Meningitis and 15 to 24 old ages of age were averagely affected with the certain disease. It besides illustrates us that among the group instances under 1 twelvemonth of age gets the highest extremum in holding Pneumococcal disease. It is besides interesting to observe that the pneumococcal meningitis extremums once more in the honest-to-goodness age groups ( 45-64 and 65+ ) .Top of FormBottom of FormThis graph shows all the per centums of all hexad classs are sing shot. Figures for males are in dark grey bars and informations for females are in light grey bars, with the figure of patients in each age class shown above each saloon. All informations are patients who are sing shot or CVA. As we observed in the graph the age group from 30 to & lt 40 of males has the highest rate of sing shot and in female is the age group whilst 50 to & lt 60 is the extreme gait of age for females. 20 to & lt 30 and 40 to & lt 50 has the same rate in sing this disease. In female 30 to & lt 40 and 50 to & lt 60 is about same to each other holding this disease.This illustration shows the Incidence Rate of shot in United States and United Kingdom. Detailss are articulated as psyche per twelvemonth holding shot in 7 age classs. Individual sing shots, person-years of followup was defined as the figure of old ages from birth to the day of the month for first recorded shot. For single without shots, person-years of followup were defined as the last getable follow-up day of the month during the natural history period. Stroke incidence rates are revealed in informations chart down the stairs the graph. As you see the informations it s really clear that a UK male has the highest incidence rates. UK Females, US Males and US Females are self-aggrandizingly like has the same incidence rate in happening of CVA.In this portion, I will take at least two attacks and schemes that control the incidence of one disease and analyze its effectivityAs bar of these diseases and to precipitate its rate Department of Health and National Health Services brand schemes and run to achieve their ends. Department of Health formulate the Meningitis C Campaign the intent of the this run was to immunize every bit many as possible of the state s 15 one million million million immature people and kids aged under the age of 18 old ages in as short a clip as possible, immunizing those most at hazard of disease foremost.Transporting out of the programme was make harmonizing to the hazard of disease-those at extreme hazard being immunised foremost. In November 1999, National Childhood Programme introduces the everyday immunization of vaccinum at the ages of two, three and four months alongside the DTP, Hib and infantile paralysis vaccinums and in December 1999 stripling that ages 15 and 17 was besides immunised.As a consequence of the run there are most 13 million kids have immunised during the first twelvemonth through the aid of general practicians, nurses, immunization coordinators and many other wellness professional.This was prosecuting by a widespread draw on base programme to immunize all other kids and adolescents up to the age of 18 old ages in 2000/2001.A aft(prenominal) that the vaccinum was made accessible to anyone up to 25 old ages.National Health Services contributed besides a meningitis bar plan here in United Kingdom. The Campaign to advance new vaccinum against Meningitis , this plan encouraged all parents to immunize their kids against pneumococcal disease which is the causative agent of meningitis. General Practitioners has the large function of this run because they are the who will catch-up the run for the kids ages 0 2 old ages who is get drink down their immunizations. This plan was imposed by Health Minister Dr. Brian Gibbons. He states that Immunization is the best manner to protect kids from serious disease and the everyday ch ildhood programme has been highly effectual in accomplishing this. The alterations will further better the programme and benefit kids. This new vaccinum will assist salvage lives and prevent 100s more instances of serious unwellness such as meningitis and pneumonia. To maximize the defense mechanism against Meningitis C and Hib disease NHS made two alterations in the everyday plan. The present three doses of Meningitis C vaccinum will be respaced at three and four months of age with a promoter shooting at 12 months.Most up-to-date cogent evidence shows that the protection offered by this vaccinum declines one twelvemonth after inoculation. To maximize the protection in the first two old ages of life when the hazard of infection is high, we will urge doses at three and four months of age and a supporter dosage at 12 months. A supporter shooting of Hib vaccinum will be given at 12 months.In 1992 Hib vaccinum was introduced and is soon given to kids at two, three and four months of age. Since 1999, there was a little but slow improver in the figure of instances in older kids being reported. Again, because of this Meningitis bar plan, the disease declined over clip. There was a Hib supporter run happened in 2003. This dosage was given to older kids to maximize their unsusceptibility. This upturned the little amplification in infections that had started to happen. A supporter dosage of Hib vaccinum is being added to the childhood immunization programme as a modus operandi at 12 months to widen protection against Hib disease.The new everyday inoculation agenda is as follows2 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + pneumococcal vaccinum3 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + MenC vaccinum4 months DTaP/IPV/Hib + MenC + pneumococcal vaccinum12 months Hib/Men C13 months MMR + pneumococcal vaccinumDTaP/IPV/Hib is a individual injection that protects against diphtheria, lockjaw, whooping cough, infantile paralysis and Hib.MenC protects against meningitis CHib/ MenC is a combined vaccinum protecting a gainst Hib and Meningitis C( 2009 ) ( Campaign to advance new Vaccine against Meningitis ) available from www.immunisation.nhs.uk. Accessed at February 24, 2010 Due to this run the rate of meningococcal infection has fallen every twelvemonth since, and the instances of laboratory-confirmed group C meningococcal disease across all age groups immunised has go down by 90 % since the vaccinum was implemented. In 2003/04, there were merely 65 instances reported and 8 deceases.There was even a good consequence in those who were non immunised with a decrease of approximately 70 % , urging that the vaccinum has had a community protection consequence.In fact the run has been so successful that meningitis C disease now accounts for less than 10 % of meningococcal meningitis instances. Even though the run made a great success still the wellness functionaries and medical professionals need to stay cautious.( 2010 ) ( Meningitis C Campaign ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //webarchi ve.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Accessed at February 24, 2010 . For Cardiovascular Accident bar, Department of Health formulated new schemes to fall its rate. They formulated the Stroke suffice F.A.S.T. consciousness run F.A.S.T means Face, Arm, Speech, and Time.The Stroke Act F.A.S.T. consciousness run aims to learn all wellness related professionals and the community on the marks of shot and that prompt exigency intervention can cut down the hazard of decease and disablement.The run will advise the community about F.A.S.T. to name 999. F.A.S.T is a simple scrutiny to assist people to place the marks of shot and be cognizant of the importance of fast exigency direction.Campaign adverts, on Television, wireless, cyberspace and circulars, illustrate stroke spreading like elevate in the encephalon to show that fast exigency action can restrict harm and radically energize a individual s chance of lasting and of avoiding long-run disablement.( 2010 ) ( Stroke Act F.A.S.T. consciousnes s run ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics. Accessed at February 24, 2010 If Department of Health has its run towards CVA, National Health Services provide besides a plan to decrease its incidence rate The National Stroke Awareness Campaign. This run is related to F.A.S.T were NHS implemented that all paramedics should cognize how to measure a individual utilizing F.A.S.T before directing them to hospital.They besides made a Stroke connexion who will back up this run. This sort of charity is entirely concerned with contending shot towards people in all ages. The charity resources research into bar, intervention, better methods of rehabilitation and facilitates stroke patients and their households straight through its Rehabilitation and Support Services which include communication Support, Family and Carer Support, information services, public assistance grants, publications and cusps.In this portion, I will look into current p recedences and attacks to the proviso of heath services for people with one diseaseTreating Meningitis is non easy thing to make because this disease has assorted types, viral and bacterial meningitis. There is no intervention for Viral Meningitis. The immune system, will make antibodies to eliminate the virus. Until it is know that a kid has viral, non bacterial meningitis, he or she will be admitted to the hospital. But one time the determination of viral meningitis is complete, antibiotics are stopped, and a kid who is recovering satisfactorily will be sent place.Simply acetaminophen must be given to decrease febrilities. Clear mobiles and a bland diet including preferable nutrients should be offered. During recovery, a kid desires rest in a glooming, quiet room. Bright visible radiations, noise and invitees may annoy a kid with meningitis. Increased anxiousness on the encephalon from build-up of fluid in the meninxs is a terrible job.( 2010 ) ( Viral Meningitis ) available fro m hypertext transfer protocol //www.healthscout.com. Accessed at February 24, 2010 )For Bacterial Meningitis may turn out fatal within hours. Patients with suspected acute bacterial meningitis should be instantly admitted to the infirmary and assessed for whether LP ( lichen planus ) is clinically safe. Disinfectants should be given rapidly. If LP is tardily because a CT scan is indispensable, antibiotic action should be started before the scan and after blood samples have been attained for civilization. When the exact being is recognized and consequences of susceptiblenesss are known, intervention can be customized consequently. After the diagnosing has been confirmed ( by and large within 12-48 hours of addition to the infirmary ) , the patient s antimicrobic therapy can be modified harmonizing to the causative being and its susceptiblenesss. accessory therapy, such as unstable replacing, should be continued. Dexamethasone should be continued for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemo philus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitides.S pneumoniae ( length of therapy 10-14 yearss )Penicillin susceptible ( minimal inhibitory concentration MIC & lt 0.1 microgram/mL ) Principen or penicillin GPenicillin mean(a) ( MIC = 0.1-1.0 microgram/mL ) cefotaxime or RocephinPenicillin resistant ( MIC a?2.0 microgram/mL ) or cephalosporin-resistant ( MIC a?1.0 microgram/mL ) Vancocin AND cefotaxime or Rocephin.H influenzae ( good continuation of therapy 10-14 yearss )Beta-lactamase-negative PrincipenBeta-lactamase-positive Claforan or Rocephin.Streptococcus agalactiae ( group B streptococcus ) ( duration of therapy 14-21 yearss )Gentamicin AND Principen or penicillin G.Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae ( continuance of therapy 21-28 yearss )Gentamicin AND Claforan or Rocephin.Listeria monocytogenes ( continuance of therapy 21-28 yearss )Gentamicin AND Principen or penicillin G.Staphylococcus aureus ( continuance of therapy depends on microbiologica l response of CSF and underlying unwellness of the patient )Methicillin susceptible Nafcil or oxacillinMethicillin resistant Vancocin.Staphylococcus epidermidis ( continuance of therapy depends on microbiological response of CSF and underlying unwellness of the patient )Vancomycin.Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss )Ceftazidime and Garamycin.Enterococcus species ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss )Ampicillin and Garamycin.Acinetobacter species ( continuance of therapy 21 yearss )Gentamicin and meropenem.N meningitides ( continuance of therapy 5-7 yearss )Penicillin susceptible ( MIC & lt 0.1 microgram/mL ) Principen or penicillin GPenicillin intermediate ( MIC = 0.1-1.0 microgram/mL ) Claforan or Rocephin.( 2010 ) ( Bacterial Meningitis ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //bestpractice.bmj.com. Accessed February 24, 2010 In this portion, I will explicate by giving illustrations, the relationship between the prevalence of one disease, its causes a nd the demands for wellness and societal attention services immediately United Kingdom is still cautious about Meningitis even though the incidence rate is already diminishing radically. To be safe, wellness administration are prioritizing adult females and kids s wellness. They develop a guideline which suggest about direction of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in kids.There are stakeholders furthermore helped in heightening the range of this undertaking and after the assignment of the guideline development group, they will do a series of inquiries all approximately clinical importance that covers the guideline of the range which includes diagnosing of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning, direction of suspected bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in primary attention and the in the pre-hospital scene, direction of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal blood poisoning in secondary attention, retrieval and transportation to secondary and triad attention, pick and timing of probes, information that should be given to parents and carers.Beginning NOIDS England & A Wales Final Midi Report for 2005 ( Table 3 Concluding sums for 2005 by sex and age-group )Beginning PHLS Meningococcal Reference UnitPrevalence of Bacterial Meningitis ( without Septicaemia ) by Age GroupThis two graph shows the high figure of presentments of meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) instances in the less than 4 old ages and 15-24 old ages age groups. It besides illustrates that instance within the less than 4 old ages age group extremum at less than 1 old ages . It is besides interesting to observe that the pneumococcal meningitis extremums once more in the older age groups ( 45-64 and 65+ ) . As what you can see here in the prevalence rate of bacterial meningitis ( without blood poisoning ) , it is really clear that the largely affected with this disease is the Serogroup Group B, it has the highest rate with 88 % above the 4 class.AConfirmed meningococcal infections by part hebdomads 2008-49 to 2009-02ASerogroup BOther serogroupsSum confirmed instancesEast Midlands1717easterly26228London23326North East14216North western United States52456South & A West27431South East26127West Midlands32840Yorkshire & A Humberside35641Entire25230282A Meningococcal serogroup B infections in EnglandA clear addition in studies of Neisseria meningitides serogroup B infections has been observed during December 2008 and early January 2009. The figure of instances reported during December and early January ( hebdomad 2008-49 to hebdomad 2009-02 ) , nevertheless, is well higher ( 252 ) than the same period during any of the old three old ages ( 198, 142, and 191 ) . Cases are disseminated across England. The probationary sum figure of meningococcal serogroup B infections all through 2008 was 1070, similar to the one-year sums for 2007 ( 1076 ) and 2006 ( 1011 ) .Lab confirmed instances o f meningococcal disease England and Wales, five-weekly moving norms, 1997 to 2009By and large the figure of confirmed meningococcal instances remains low down with lone 1194 confirmed instances in 2008, lower than 2007 ( 1256 ) and go oning the general descending tendency since 1999/2000. A chief engagement to the overall decrease has been the sustained autumn in serogroup C instances following the debut of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccinum in 1999. Merely 22 instances of serogroup C infection were confirmed last twelvemonth, compared to 989 instances in 1999. Serogroup B infections have in the past shown perennial fluctuations, frequently linked to the flow of precise strains. The encouragement observed during December 2008 and early January 2009 appears to be connected with a scope of serogroup B being.( 2010 ) ( Health Protection Report ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.hpa.org.uk. Accessed at February 24, 2010 This graph every bit good shows that th e Public Health in this clip does nt hold adequate any cognition about the disease and unable to handle those affected with the unwellness. Due to this ground wellness administration that is related with this job requires to carry on more survey and research on how to bring around or handle non merely the class above that has the highest rate of this disease and prone to hold more mortality and morbidity rate but all of all class that is affected with the disease. They need besides to make more runs, schemes and attacks to contend with it, this so called provisioning. Health attention system should maintain an oculus to this disease to follow community s demands. This is a challenge for them to do and pull off clinical services more dependable to all persons. Health attention purveying cardinal must turn to both faculty and fulfillment to all persons.In this portion, I will analyze the impact of two current lifestyle picks on futute demands for wellness and societal attention serv icesEvery person can take their ain life style but unluckily some of them do nt cognize what its consequence on their wellness, some every bit good knows its bad effects but they re maintaining making it because they tend to ground out that it is connected to their life and they ca nt populate without it. Like in my assignment Cerebral Vascular Accident, this disease can be related on our life style for illustration Substance Abuse, drunkenness excessively much intoxicant summations the hazard CVA, imbibing excessively much intoxicant can raise blood force per unit area because it makes our blood syrupy, that may do bosom failure and it will take to stroke. It raises besides our organic structure s triglycerides that may bring forth irregular pulses. It besides contributes to fleshiness which means if a individual is corpulent they are more possible to hold shot. The hazard of bosom disease in people who drink moderate sums of intoxicant is lower that non-drinkers. Normally a pers on can merely hold 1-1/2 fluid ounces ( fl oz ) of 80-proof liquors ( such as Bourbon, Scotch, vodka, gin, etc. ) , 1 fl oz of 100-proof liquors, 4 fl oz of vino, or 12 fl oz of beer or intoxicant to hold healthy imbibing life style.another(prenominal) life style that may take person to the demand of societal service in the upcoming that is related in shot is Excessive poof Smoking. Cigarette Smoking is widespread and important as a hazard factor that the general sawbones has called it the taking preventable cause of disease and deceases. Cigarette warmer increases the hazard of coronary bosom disease by itself. When it acts with other factors, it greatly increases hazard. Smoking additions blood force per unit area, decreases exercising tolerance and increases the inclination for blood to coagulate that s why it can do intellectual vascular accident. The nicotine and C monoxide in coffin nail fume harm the cardiovascular system in many ways which contributes the intellectual v ascular accident to go on. Smoking besides increases the hazard of perennial coronary bosom disease after beltway surgery because as we have know that smoking can do our blood syrupy and of this there is a large possibility that the stent that was putted in affected vas will be removed and may do more obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the most of import hazard factor for immature work forces and adult females particularly nowadays provide leagues smoke coffin nail and overdo it. It besides produces a greater comparative hazard in individuals under age 50 than in those over 50.Women who smoke and use unwritten preventives greatly increase their hazard of coronary bosom disease and shot compared with non-smoking adult females who use unwritten preventives. Smoking lessenings graduate(prenominal) Density Lipoproteins ( good cholesterin. ) Cigarette smoke combined with a household history of bosom disease besides seems to greatly increase the hazard.( 2010 ) ( Cigarette Smoking and Card iovascular Disease ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.americanheart.org. Accessed at February 24, 2010 In this portion, I will look into the scope of services required to back up persons affected by one disease in a local communityMeningitis causes widespread terror in all communities. To back up community in combating with Meningitis Public Health squad including Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre ( CCDC ) , Consultants in Public Health Medicine ( CPHM ) , Advance Health Optics ( AMO ) provides a 24 hr helpline all over United Kingdom because Department of Health put Meningitis as one of the most feared unwellness by parents and second highest incidence rate in Europe.Due to this outbreak Meningitis Research foundation works straight with Public Health Teams this is to guarantee that people have full and accurate information without doing unneeded frights with this disease. They besides made a cusp titled Meningococcal Meningitis and Septicaemia Am I at Haz ard? to inform the community and go cognizant with it.The purpose of this cusp is to still baseless frights about meningococcal disease by assisting people understand the degree of hazard, and replying often asked inquiries about the diseases and clearly illustrates the different symptoms of meningitis and blood poisoning, the roseolas of meningococcal disease and the tumbler trial.Americium I at Risk was developed through audience with CCDCs and CPHMs every bit good as baby doctors and representatives of the Department of Health, The Royal College of General Practitioners, The British Medical Association and the Office for Health Gain.Many public wellness physicians routinely include this cusp with letters that are sent place to parents when covering with a instance in a school or babys room. For many parents, the messages about degrees of hazard and the reassurance of holding symptoms information stopping point to manus aid to still their frights.24 helpline is a helpline where community can name anytime it is operated by trained and qualified staff nurse to talk to companies who needs information about this disease and to those who has inquiries about disease dark and twenty-four hours. This will supply every bit good information for people concerned about meningitis and blood poisoning.( 2010 ) ( Public Health Teams ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.meningitis.org/health-professionals. Accessed at February 24, 2010 CASE STUDYIn this portion of the assignment I will now discourse a instance survey sing intimately transmitted disease among adolescents. The instance survey as it follows Sandy Jones is 19 old ages old and has been seeing her fellow for 6 months. They are now sexually active. She has made an assignment with her GP because she has developed marks of a sexually transmitted disease which has been confirmed following probe ( the populace issue you need to see is sexually familial diseases ) In this instance we need to propose S andy Jones to hold an assignment to her general practician and discussed its job for her safety. She needs besides wellness learning a demand to be informed that she can convey the disease she carries, stating this to her can forestall the disease to distribute. Discoursing her job to her GP prevent besides future jobs and lucky to her because she s cognizant that she acquired sexually transmitted disease because some STD s has no symptoms and being non cognizant of it will take to major wellness jobs such as non being able to acquire pregnant ( sterility ) , lasting encephalon harm, bosom disease, malignant neoplastic disease, and even decease. That s why, if we depend you have been exposed to a sexually familial disease, you and your sex spouse ( s ) should see a wellness clinic, infirmary or physician for proving and intervention. We need besides to prioritise her demands we know that she s sexually active so sex is the 1st precedence because based on Maslow s Hierarchy of gui de this belongs to physiologic demands. This is why we need to her to learn about sex and how to do it in safety manner. 2nd ( safety and security ) is her safety which I already discussed above. Third one ( love and belongingness ) is her emotional demands, based on her instance she does nt hold household or any relations to speak with her jobs and she does nt hold parents to taper her. Fourth ( self-pride ) , we need to put her instance on private because her instance may diminish her repute if anybody will cognize about her position and the last ( self-actualisation ) , to hold this one she needs to be mature and cognize all the consequences of her action but there still should be a focusing for her.( 2010 ) ( Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs ) available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.businessballs.com/maslow.htm. Accessed at February 24, 2010 In this portion, I will critically measure the effectivity of schemes, systems, and policies in the scene for maximising the well be ing personsThere are plentifulness of plans that are related about sex, sex instruction and its effects that the United Kingdom authorities provided and implemented already. One of this and the most common is Sex Education that Works this plan from the authorities aims to ameliorate adolescents about sex. It is besides a procedure of obtaining informations, organizing attitudes and beliefs towards sex, sexual individuality, familiarity and relationship. Sexual activity instruction is besides about budding immature people s abilities that they formulate informed picks about their manners, and think positive and genius about moving on these picks. It is by and large accepted that immature people have a right to arouse instruction. Teacher Training , Good pre-service and in-service is indispensable for instructors if course of study on sexual and procreative wellness, including HIV/AIDS, are to be effective.A Such preparation nowadayss many challenges but is indispensable to assi st immature people learn more about their gender and how to avoid unplanned gestation and sexually familial infections.In most schools, sexual and generative wellness instruction consists of didactic talks about basic anatomy and physiology. This is barely surprising, because most preparation plans fail to fix future instructors of sexual and generative wellness to learn the topic efficaciously. As a consequence, many instructors complete their preparation with critical spreads in their cognition of generative wellness. Some have judgmental attitudes or spiritual, legal or moral expostulations to learning immature people about sex, contraceptive method, or rubber usage. Others feel uncomfortable speaking about such topics or utilizing the synergistic instruction methods that appear to be most effectual in advancing healthy sexual behavior. When they move to the schoolroom, these instructors are frequently expected to utilize teaching stuffs that omit cardinal information and promote the chalk and talk attack.Research has shown that widespread sex instruction benefits immature grownups significantly. These plans support adolescents deal with equal force per unit area and educate them the art of communicating and dialogue. It assists them with absorbing confident accomplishments, indispensable in their traffics with equals.